BS 161 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I Metabolism Outline of Current Lecture II Respiration Current Lecture inorganic carbon gets fixed into organic sugar in the energy flow in cells glucose oxygen carbon dioxide water energy rearrangements of bonds in chemical reactions release energy stored in organic molecules this energy is used to produce ATP redox reactions chemical reactions that transfer energy between reactions oxidation a substance loses electrons reduction a substance gains electrons during cellular respiration glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced deltaG for glucose oxidation is negative electrons are released electron carriers move the electrons so that they can be used in order to make ATP most common are NAD and FAD NADH passes the electrons to the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps not one explosive reaction energy yielded is used to generate ATP cellular respiration has 4 stages glycolysis breaks down glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate pyruvate oxidation continued breakdown of glucose citric acid cycle completes the breakdown of glucose aka Krebs or TCA cycle electron transport chain oxidative phosphorylation to generate 90 of ATP ATP generation in biology by substrate level phosphorylation oxidative phosphorylation photophosphorylation kinase an enzyme that transfers phosphate
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