BS 161 1st Edition Lecture 23 Outline of Last Lecture I. Cell-cell interactionsOutline of Current Lecture II. Cell-cell interactions concludedIII. Cell cycleCurrent Lecture-second messengers: small nonprotein molecules or ions; they amplify the signal-examples: cAMP, IP3, DAG, calcium (Ca2+)-cyclic AMP (cAMP): made from ATP by an enzyme called adenylyl cyclase; activates protein kinase A-know what a kinase cascade looks like and does (picture in book and on slide 38 from lecture)-a kinase cascade causes amplification-glucose 1-phosphate doesn’t exit the cell because the phosphate causes it to be charged and it doesn’t look enough like glucose to pass through the membrane-IP3 and DAG are made from membrane phospholipids by the enzyme phospholipase C-they act to open up calcium channels in the endoplasmic reticulum-scaffolding protein: complexes of proteins, look like three proteins linked together-different cells can respond differently to the same signal if they have different intracellular transduction pathways -cell cycle: the life of the cell until it divides-cell division: cell reproduction: cell proliferation-chromosome replication starts at one ori (origin of replication)-later a cell wall forms between separated
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