NATURAL DISASTERS C. VALENTICase Study Photo Album Assignment DirectionsI. An explanation of the scientific causes of the natural disaster.A. What was the exact type of incident1. A it was a few different types of tropical storms at different points during it’s time. When it started, it was a tropical depression, then a tropical storm before it ever became a hurricane. By the time that Superstorm Sandy reached the east coast of the United States, itno longer was a hurricane. (article 1)a) What is a hurricanei. A hurricane is a type of tropical cyclone, which are then put into three groups based on their intensity. The groups are called tropical depression, tropical storm, and, depending on which part of the world the storm is in, typhoon, Hurricane or cyclone. (article 1)ii. The storms intensity is measured using the Saffer-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHS) (article 1)iii. There are seven categories on the scale: 1) tropical depression 2) tropical storm 3) category 1 hurricane 4) category 2 hurricane 5) category 3 hurricane 6) category 4 hurricane 7) category 5 Hurricane (article 1)iv. Tropical storms develop over oceans, and get their name when they reach a sustained wind of 63 km/h (article 1)b) How it developsi. A cyclone develops over the ocean (article 1)ii. It is an intense circular storm that is characterized by low atmospheric pressure (article 1)iii. Drives energy from the sea surface (article 1)iv. Stays strong as long as it is over warm water (article 1)B. How did it happen1. Where did it originatea) In the Caribbean, on October 19 in 2012 C. Why did it happen1. A major deviation of the high-altitude jet stream,, looping southward was known as a “blocking high”, and forced the hurricane vortex to suddenly make a sharp turn to the left and collided with the New Jersey Coast (article 8)2. The hurricane smashed into the nj coast at local high tide (article 8)3. The moon was full, which led to a higher than normal high tide (article 8)4. About 15% of the evaluated sea surface temperatures feeding hurricane sandy can be attributed to global warming as opposed to regional patterns a) The collision of three elements contributed to Sandy's severity: i. a powerful hurricane with the energy and moisture from above-normal sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean ii. an unusually shaped dip in the jet stream that scientists believe may have been caused by warming in the Arcticiii. steering the storm from East to West; and lunar high tides that raised the sea level several feet along the East Coast.II. A description of the event.A. Where did it happen1. Areas of the Caribbean & numberous locations along the eastern seaboard (article 2)2. The united states and Canada (article 2)B. When did it happen 1. began late October 2012(article 2)C. How long did it happen for1. started initially on October 19 of 2012(article 1)2. Lasted all the way up until October 31 of 2012(article 1)D. What exactly happenedNATURAL DISASTERS C. VALENTICase Study Photo Album Assignment Directions1. began in the Caribbean as a wave and quickly developed into a tropical depression and then a tropical storm to six hours later(article 1)2. Slammed into Jamaica first, with winds reaching 135 km/h(article 1)3. Moved on to Cuba, with winds 185 km/h(article 1)4. Turn northwest for the Bahamas and weekend into a tropical storm(article 1)5. As it moved north it really intense fighting to a hurricane(article 1)6. As it moved up the east coast of the USA, rain intensified into a category 2, (article 1)7. Then weekend again into an nontropical storm as it moved towards new York City(article 1)8. As the storm made landfalling New York City, the peak water level of the storm surge and tired was4.28 above average of Lowtide(article 1)9. Winds were no reaching 130 km/h(article 1)10. What is surged over the boundaries people bill, and natural sand dunes and had been there for years (article 2)11. Dozens of new York City transit workers scramble in the wind and rain to place plywood sheets andsandbags at Subway entrances (article 5)12. Onslaught of water filled seven long train tunnels (article 5)13. Boardwalks all up and down the East Coast were destroyed (article 3)14. Super storm Sandy was the largest arm to stem from the Atlantic Ocean on record (article 4)III. The impact of the event on humans and property. A. How much damage did it cause1. The storm had an effect on people and landscapes from Jamaica to Canada(article 1)2. The total damage from the storm is assessed to be around $68 billion, more than Katrina caused(article 1)3. In Jamaica wins left about 70% of people without power and cause $100 million in damage(article 1)4. In Cuba goes $2 billion in damage from the huge waves that the storm caused, which also caused coastal flooding(article 1)5. In Haiti, there was vast flooding, causing food to be scarce and left about 200,000 people homeless(article 1)6. In the Dominican Republic, 30,000 evacuated and 70% of the streets were flooded(article 1)7. In the Bahamas the damage totaled two around $700 million(article 1)8. In Canada, there was an estimated $100 million in damages throughout Québec and Ontario(article1)9. In the United States, 24 states were affected. The entire eastern seaboard was hit in some way and States west along the Appalachian Mountains from Michigan to Wisconsin or also affected(article 1)10. Damage in the United States added up to about $65 billion(article 1)11. New York seawater corroded electrical equipment through the subway system(article 1)12. Most of the widespread damage was caused by the storm surge(article 1)B. How many death did it cause1. Superstardom Sandy was that deadliest and most instructive storm in American history2. In total it killed 286 people(article 1)3. In Jamaica, 11; in Cuba, at least 5; in Haiti, 4; in the Dominican Republic, 2; in Puerto Rico, 1; in Canada, 2; in the United States 117 (article 1)4. 53 died in NY (article 11)5. 34 died in NJ (article 11)6. most of the deaths were caused by flooding (article 11)IV. Any precursor events. A. What came before itNATURAL DISASTERS C. VALENTICase Study Photo Album Assignment Directions1. Before Sandy became a super storm, it started off as a tropical depression (article 1)2. The process of global warming plate a role in it (article 1)B. What could have caused it1. Melting Arctic ice (article 3)2. Global warming (article 5)C. Were there any clues that it was going to happen in advance1. Melting glaciers
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