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Montclair EAES 104 - Extreme Weather Review Questions

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The basic equation is the saturation vapor pressure = maximum amount of moisture air can hold. To change the water vapor content adding water will increase relative humidity, and subtracting water will decrease relative humidityThe coriolis force deflects all free moving objects to the right of their path in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, and because of that, it increases with wind speed and is strongest at the poles and weakens equator ward.Extreme winds and flying debris cause almost all of the destruction, and cause the most deaths from a tornado.Some of the factors that cause a hurricane to dissipate are strong vertical wind shear tears the hurricane apart, moving over cooler water can lead to weakening and moving over land shuts off the moisture source and reduces surface circulation due to friction.Name: __Rebecca Gallanter_____Learning Unit 6: Extreme Weather Review QuestionsThis assignment is designed to assess your understanding of Unit 6 and includes some of the Questions forReview at the end of Chapters 10, 15 and 14 from your text plus a few additional questions. Each question can be answered in one to two sentences. Please limit yourself to a maximum of three sentences. Access the assignment, complete it with ANSWERS IN A DIFFERENT COLOR FONT as a separate file, and send it back for evaluation and grading through the assignment tab by or before the due date. 1. What causes the Earth’s seasons, such as winter and summer?The tilt of the Earth’s axis as it orbits around the sun for the year is what causes earth to experience seasons2. How do greenhouse gases warm the Earth’s atmosphere?The greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, just like a farmer’s greenhouse’s glass walls does to the plants inside, it then lets the sun to shine in but stops most heat from getting out.3. An area of low atmospheric pressure is characterized by what kind of weather? Low atmospheric pressure is characterized by rising warmer and humid air and cloudy skies, and is associated with precipitation.4. What is the equation for calculating relative humidity and how to changes in water vapor content and temperature effect relative humidity?The basic equation is the saturation vapor pressure = maximum amount of moisture air can hold. To change the water vapor content adding water will increase relative humidity, and subtracting water will decrease relative humidity5. What processes force air aloft?The processes of stable air and unstable air force air aloft. With stable air, when an air parcel is forced aloft it cools faster than the surrounding environment. If the lifting forced ceased, the parcel would have the density to sink. With unstable air, the air parcel that are forced aloft cools slower than the surrounding environment. If the lifting force stops, the parcel will continue to rise because it is warmer and more buoyant than its surroundings.6. What is the main distinction between a cold front and a warm front? Why are storms found at both warm fronts and cold fronts?A warm front is when a warm air masses advances rapidly, and a cold front is when cold air masses advance rapidly. Both types of fronts are found in storms because there needs to be lift, where the cold front pushes under the warm front, in order for the storm to occure.7. What causes adiabatic lapse rate and what effect does the adiabatic lapse rate have on a rising parcel of air?The adiabatic lapse rate is the way temperature changes with altitude in rising or falling air. The that occur without the addition or subtraction of heat from an external source are what effect it. Because air pressure decreases with increasing altitude, rising air expands and sinking air is compressed.8. Why do clouds have a fairly well defined base at a particular altitude?They have that base due to the Lifting condensation level, the rising parcel reaches saturation temperature and cloud form9. What causes the Coriolis force and what effect does it have on free moving objects, including wind, in the northern hemisphere?The coriolis force deflects all free moving objects to the right of their path in theNorthern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, and because ofthat, it increases with wind speed and is strongest at the poles and weakens equatorward.10. Which way does the air rotate or circulate around a low pressure area?In the northern hemisphere, low pressure rotates counter-clockwise and in the southern hemisphere, low pressure rotates clockwise 11. Why do you see lightening before you hear thunder? How far away is lightning if you hear the thunder 3 seconds after you see the flash of lightening?The thunder and lightning happens at the same time, but light travels faster than sound, so that is why the lightning is seen first. If you count 3 seconds, thunderstorm is about 1.5 kilometers away. 12. What causes the loud boom that we hear as thunder? When the lightning heats the surrounding air to about 30, 000 degrees Celsius, it expands at supersonic speeds, creating the boom we know as thunder13. What can you feel that is a sign that you are at high risk of being struck by lightning? What should you do to avoid being killed by lightening if caught out in the open with no place to take cover?When the difference in the charge become great enough to overcome air resistance, a suddenand visible violent electrical discharge occurs in the form of a lightning stroke. If caught outside in the open during a storm, then you should seek cover in a uniform area of trees or brush, and if nothing is available then you should get low and cover your head with your arms.14. What process permits hailstones to grow to a large size?If the updraft is strong enough, the ice crystals can rise and fall many times. That then causes the hailstones to get many new coats of water, which then freezes, making the hailstones get bigger and bigger in size.15. When is tornado season in the central United States?Tornado season in the central United States is primarily April through June 16. What is a wall cloud and what is it’s significance?In tornados, the rotational cell sags below the cloud base to form a distinctive slowly rotating wall cloud. Strong tornadoes form within and then descend from the wall cloud.17. In what direction do most mid-continent tornadoes travel along the ground and how fast do tornadoes move along the ground?Most tornadoes travel northeast. They can


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