BIO 373 1st Edition Exam 3 Study Guide Lectures 18 24 Lecture 18 April 3 Communities human microbiomes Human microbiomes Communities o Defining communities o Guilds Know definition o Functional groups Know definition o Trophic levels o Properties of community structure Diversity Richness and evenness o Differentiate between richness and abundance Competition o Shannon index Commonness and rareness across communities Looking at proportions of abundance Lecture 19 April 8 Communities contd Human Microbiomes Communities o Species composition o Interactions Direct and indirect Positive and negative Trophic cascade Trophic facilitation o Competitive networks vs hierarchies Know the difference and definition o Dominant vs keystone species Know the difference and definition o Ecosystem engineers Know definition and what types of species can do this o Context dependence Know definition Lecture 20 April 10 Communities contd succession Communities Contd Changes in communities o Agents Abiotic know examples Disturbances and stress o Know definition and difference Biotic know examples o Succession Know definition Know primary vs secondary Understand the trajectory of succession Know modes of succession Clements and Gleason Know the Connel 3 modes of succession Facilitation model Tolerance model Inhibition model Lecture 21 April 15 Community changes and Species Diversity Communities contd Changes in communities o Know the Chapin experiment o Know mechanisms of succession Drivers of early succession succession progress role of competition and growth rates o Understand alternative stable states Know Fouling example Stability vs change vs hysteresis Species Diversity Know what a landscape is Know the interconnected special scales of species diversity Series of filters that bring species into a community o Know the filters and importance in invasive species Models of coexistence o Resource partitioning McArthus theory Prevents dominance Species resource use falls on spectrum understand this Lecture 22 April 17 Species Diversity contd Species Diversity contd Models of coexistence o Know Hutchinson s Model Understand the paradox of the plankton Coexistence occurs when Tc Te Know result when Tc is unequal to Te o Promoting Coexistence Resource partitioning Intermediate disturbance hypothesis Coexistence defined by disturbance levels o Know disturbance level and associated level of diversity and mortality rate Lottery model All species must have equal chances of obtaining resources Must have similar interaction strengths and growth rates and be able to respond quickly to events o Consequences of diverdsity Diversity stability theory Know what community stability is Know what different levels of diversity do for community stability Species richness and community function Lecture 23 April 22 Energy in Ecosystems Energy in Ecosystems Ecosystem energy views species within communities as entities linked to each other via the transformation of energy and nutrients achieved when they engage in consumerresource interactions Primary production o Know definition o Gross primary production Know definition o Net primary production Know definition and relationship and difference of GPP Variation in NPP in terrestrial ecosystems Know what variation is defined by in these ecosystems and how Variation in NPP in aquatic ecosystems Know what variation is defined by in these ecosystems and how o Lakes rivers and streams marine ecosystems Latitudinal variation in NPP Know relationships and rates of variation for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems at different latitudes i e Northern hemisphere vs southern tropics mid latitudes Secondary production o Know definition o Net secondary production Know definition Energy flow o Understand trophic levels o Know the flow of energy primary producers primary consumers herbivores secondary consumers primary carnivores secondary carnivores eat primary carnivores detritors on same level as primary producers detrivores on same level as herbivores primary carnivores understand what detritus is and why it is greater in terrestrial ecosystems than in aquatic ecosystems Lecture 24 April 24 Energy in Ecosystems contd Energy in Ecosystems Energy Efficiency o Know definition and difference between Trophic assimilation production energy and consumption efficiency o Trophic efficiency Proportion of available biomass that is consumes o Assimilation efficiency Proportion of ingested biomass that consumer can assimilate with digestion o Production efficiency Proportion of assimilated biomass used to produce new consumer biomass maintain tissues o Energy efficiency The percentage of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next Know average percentages of energy to trophic levels metabolism detritus o Consumption efficiencies Tend to be higher for carnivores than herbivores Consumption efficiency is higher in aquatic ecosystems than terrestrial o Understand how production efficiency is related to thermal physiology and size of the consumer o Understand what top down vs bottom up energy flow is and the difference between them Understand a trophic cascade Biogeochemistry o Physical chemical and biological factors that influence movement and transformation of elements o Know definition of nutrients Know the primary source in Lithosphere o Understand rock sedimentation mechanism and importance Atmosphere o Understand carbon and nitrogen sources Biosphere o Understand decomposition o Know how plants store nutrients