BIO 373 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. Population Declinea. Case study on deformity in amphibiansII. Experimental DesignIII. Ecology MaximsOutline of Current Lecture I. Physical Environmenta. Case studyb. Climatei. Temperatureii. Precipitationiii. Windsiv. Other factorsc. Surface Windsi. Currentsii. Salinity levelsiii. upwellingCurrent LecturePhysical Environment- case studyo climate variation and salmon abundance changes in temperature correlated with salmon catch abundance- climateo climate= pattern over a long period of timeo weather- current conditionso factors temperatureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- affects what animals and vegetation can survive and thrive- increase temperature= increased metabolic rateso different organisms have different proteins and enzymes that function optimally at specific temperatureso processes such as photosynthesis can be catalyzed at higher temperatures precipitation- affects which plants survive- animals need water winds- can change temperature and precipitation- definitionso conduction= heat transfer between molecules in contact with each othero evaporation= water gas decrease in energy in what was evaporatedo transpiration= water movement through plantso convection= heat transfer by movement of air and watero sensible heat= loss of energy via conduction or convectiono latent heat= loss of energy via transpirationo greenhouse gases= trap energy and return it back to surface of the planet reradiation- global positiono affects angle at which the sun strikes the Eartho poles= more surface area, less concentrated radiation, sun strikes at an angle, sun rays pass a longer distance through the atmosphereo equator= less surface area, more radiation, sun strikes directly- atmospheric and oceanic effects on climateo warm air captures more water as air rises in atmosphere, temperature decreases, clouds form, air can hold less water, precipitation occurs- global convection cellso three major cells vertically along Eartho Coriolis force Due to rotation of Earth, drives the three cellso Zones of low pressure are associated with high precipitationo Zones of high pressure are associated with low precipitationo Dense air= cold air= dry conditions= can’t capture water- Surface Winds (horizontally along the Earth)o Warm air decreased atmospheric pressure When the air is warm, it is warmer than the water due to water’s high heat capacity (resistance to change in temperature) Creates high pressure near watero Cool air increased atmospheric pressure When the air is cool, it is cooler than the water (due to it’s high specific heat)o Wind moves from high pressure areas to low pressure areas gradiento Wind moves surface of the water and creates currents Currents—movement of water can change the water temperature- Ex: warm water moving towards cooler water Salinity levels—higher in deeper water- Surface water has less salinity, les dense, closer to the sun (warmer) Upwelling—wind travels parallel to some coastal regions, moving surface water- Layers from deep water move upo Moving lower temperature and higher salinity (and more nutrients due to sunken decaying materials) up to the surface- Global climate pattern follows convection cell pattern modelo EXCEPT in areas of high elevation (will discuss more later) Fewer air particles, less capacity to hold heat, lower