BIO 373 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. Life Historya. Complex life cyclesb. Classificationc. Survivorship curvesd. Grimese. Trade offsf. Life cycle draw backsg. Life cycle benefitsOutline of Current Lecture I. Complex life cycles contda. Functional specializationII. Populationsa. Issues when studying populationsb. Population ecologyc. Population dynamicsd. Population growthi. Exponential1. Continuous2. discreteCurrent LectureComplex Life Cycles- functional specializationo adaptations to function in particular environment i.e. teeth that function to eat leaves for an herbivorePopulations- population= a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area/environment and interact with each otherThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o interact through reproduction and competition- issues when studying populationso same genotype but different phenotypeso studying clones- population ecologyo distribution of species emerging property of a populationo what can you expect about their physiology or habitat based on their distributiono why does one species have a greater distribution than another species climate? Coastal region? Continental? Adaptations?o What limits abundance of species over space and time? Abundance= number of individuals at a site Population density= number of individuals of a species in a given population at a site- Population dynamicso No population can increase in size forevero All species do have a capacity for rapid population growth- Factors that affect growth—how to study population growtho Initial population sizeo How they reproduce and how ofteno Survivorship—birth and death rateso Migration—immigration and emigrationo Time step—how population grows through time Defined by life expectance and how often they reproduceo Life history—life cycles Stages that produce offspring Stages that affect survivorship- Growtho Exponential growth model Continuous growth= individuals continuously reproduce (generations overlap) and birth and death rate do not change (assumption)- Don’t consider immigration and emigration for sake of simplicity- dN/dt= rNo dN/dt= population growth rateo r= per capita intrinsic rate of increase = birth rate- death rate- To project population at any time to N(t)= N(0)e^(rt) Discrete growth= population reproduces in synchrony at discrete time periods and births and deaths don’t change (assumption)- Finite rate of increase (lambda)o Ratio of population size in year t+1(Nt+1) to population size in year t(Nt): Lambda= Nt +1/Nto Predicts size of population after any number of discrete time periods: Nt= lamba^t N0 In exponential growth, population grows multiplicatively- As opposed to additively- Graph is J-shaped (exponential)o Dots along the curve represent discrete growth and curve represents continuous growtho If graphed on log scale, growth appears linear Rate of change is
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