BIO 373 1st Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture I Delayed Density Dependence II Population Dynamics a Extinction i Factors ii Spatial dynamics b Metapopulation Outline of Current Lecture I Population dynamics continued a Metapopulation continued i Problems ii Relevance II Competition a Resource vs physical factors b Exploitation competition c Interference competition d Asymmetry of competition Current Lecture Metapopulation Continued Problems with metapopulation concept o Distance from patch affects colonization o Small patches go extinct faster Less population density Relevance of metapopulation concept o Levin s research focus Factors influencing patch colonization and extinction These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Importance of special arrangement of niches How landscape between patches affects dispersal Impact of special arrangement and whether empty patches are suitable Suitable conditions are right to sustain a species population o Resources environment etc what factors cause special distribution not all species have metapopulation dynamics o degree of dispersal defines whether a population is classified as a metapopulation if high less likely to have a metapopulation inhabiting different areas at once o species that move frequently it s all the same population although dispersed into different locations if very low also not a metapopulation not enough dispersal to be considered metapopulation must be intermediate dispersal Competition competition negative interaction between individuals of same or different species intra or inter o negative because competition for resources and survival o example wolves competing with each other for food intra o example wild grasses of different species competing for space and sunlight inter resource can be consumed to point of depletion o water usually a resource if follows definition exception in marine environments water is a physical factor not a resource because it isn t consumed or depleted o food almost always a resource o space typically a resource for plants and territorial animals physical factors affect resources o temperature o salinity o precipitation different from water because it is not consumed or depleted o oxygen usually affects resources but can be a resource itself in the case of soil or marine environments exploitation competition o indirect reducing amount of resources available among individuals Ex one individual uses more resources than another Interference competition o direct competition for resources Ex fighting or killing another for food Asymmetry of competition o Someone wins One uses resources better or is more fit than other o Competition can occur between distantly related species But typically between similar species Ex rats and ant in Arizona desert Both eat same seed and live in same habitat o Although ant eats less and smaller seeds o Competition can determine local distribution A species may not be able to thrive in an area whereas another can
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