BIO 373 1st Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture I. Delayed Density DependenceII. Population Dynamicsa. Extinctioni. Factorsii. Spatial dynamicsb. MetapopulationOutline of Current Lecture I. Population dynamics continueda. Metapopulation continuedi. Problemsii. RelevanceII. Competitiona. Resource vs. physical factorsb. Exploitation competitionc. Interference competitiond. Asymmetry of competitionCurrent LectureMetapopulation Continued- Problems with metapopulation concepto Distance from patch affects colonizationo Small patches go extinct faster Less population density- Relevance of metapopulation concepto Levin’s research focus Factors influencing patch colonization and extinctionThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Importance of special arrangement of niches How landscape between patches affects dispersal Impact of special arrangement and whether empty patches are suitable- Suitable= conditions are right to sustain a species’ populationo Resources, environment, etc.- what factors cause special distribution- not all species have metapopulation dynamicso degree of dispersal defines whether a population is classified as a metapopulation if high, less likely to have a metapopulation- inhabiting different areas at onceo species that move frequently—it’s all the same population although dispersed into different locations if very low, also not a metapopulation- not enough dispersal to be considered metapopulation must be intermediate dispersalCompetition- competition= negative interaction between individuals of same or different species (intraor inter)o negative because competition for resources and survivalo example: wolves competing with each other for food (intra)o example: wild grasses of different species competing for space and sunlight (inter)- resource= can be consumed to point of depletiono water—usually a resource, if follows definition exception: in marine environments, water is a physical factor, not a resource because it isn’t consumed or depletedo food—almost always a resourceo space—typically a resource for plants and territorial animals- physical factors= affect resourceso temperatureo salinityo precipitation—different from water because it is not consumed or depletedo oxygen—usually affects resources, but can be a resource itself in the case of soil or marine environments- exploitation competitiono =indirect—reducing amount of resources available among individuals Ex: one individual uses more resources than another- Interference competitiono = direct competition for resources Ex: fighting or killing another for food- Asymmetry of competitiono Someone wins One uses resources better or is more fit than othero Competition can occur between distantly related species But typically between similar species Ex: rats and ant in Arizona desert- Both eat same seed and live in same habitato Although, ant eats less and smaller seedso Competition can determine local distribution A species may not be able to thrive in an area whereas another
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