Early Rock n Roll The Next Generation MUH 2019 Exam 2 Elvis Presley gyrating hips vulgar became biggest selling solo artist of any period until the early 21st century popularity established rock n roll as a mass market phenomenon rockabilly amalgam of African American style and country blues began his career with Sun Records moved to RCA Victor attempt to mainstream without losing appeal to young audiences Don t be Cruel 12 bar blues hiccupping vocal effect strong back beat Western swing pop sweetening from Jordonaires Ritchie Valens 8 month recording career created a distinctive LA rock n roll sound La Bamba adaptation of Mexican folk song son jarocho Valen s recording is more simple than traditional notable for unique timbres and fuzzy guitar sound Early 1960s Early Soul Sam Cooke Deep South sacred gospel crooning influenced rock singers Steve Perry A Change is Gonna Come adopted as anthem of the civil rights movement inspired by Bob Dylan proceeded to MLK Jr change in performance style between shows with white and black audiences You Send Me TPA AABA subdued rhythm lush vocal background crooning and gospel vocals Ray Charles gospel preaching keyboard singer songwriter controversy over moans and preaching during songs evoking sex major influence on soul Georgia on my Mind TPA preserved the orchestral strings and accompanying chorus incorporated intense rough edged blues timbre occasional jazz based fills on the piano Motown Records Berry Gordy s vision create African American music performed and managed by Black artists for the mainstream but without selling out Recordings characteristics avoided direct evocations of blues and earlier African American popular styles little use of 12 bar blues African American slant to the pop structured pop flavored songs generalized blues or gospel style Importance in the history of popular music Jackson Five joined remarkable songwriting and production talent exemplified rock n roll trends such as the twist and other danceable sounds sound of young America The Funk Brothers in house recording session band ensured the highest level of instrumental musicianship was present to back up and inspire vocal performers My Girl by the Temptations romantic song in verse chorus form initial bass and guitar hook layering of sound to evoke rising passion instrumental interlude before 3rd verse final intensifying gesture dramatic upward key change just before the last verse and chorus Stax Records 1957 Memphis Satellite Records Stax Volt Records 1960 advocated a raw down home sound that was marketed specifically to African Americans southern R B audience sound of Black America concept of race still central to rock music in 1960s James Brown Godfather of Soul maximalist emotion minimalist grooves repetition syncopated syllables eschewed chords for rhythm and timbre secular preaching limited vocal melody left structure of 1950s R B behind The British Invasion American music had been exported abroad for decades and the invasion was the first significant reciprocity Beatles open the door for The Kinks The Who etc Rock n roll went from being for middle class youth to being by middle class youth Beatles sparked an interest in British culture and mannerisms American popular music had always been built on a foundation of influences from different world sources The Beatles Reasons for success first rock n roll group musicians not interchangeable each member was relatable to fans each member wrote sang and played an instrument not a professional group of musicians rather a group of friends who made music together autonomous musical unit merged writing playing and singing self contained created own company Northern Lights Ltd to prioritize their publishing rights Distinguishes their songwriting Text painting writing music that reflects the literal meaning of the song Please Please Me straight forward up tempo love song AABA TPA song form representative of Beatles early songwriting 1st top 10 hit in US Eleanor Rigby B side of Yellow Submarine philosophical look at loneliness from a spiritual perspective instead of a romantic one verse chorus form suggests influence of folk ballads harsher use of string instruments instead of in a romantic lush way Yesterday specific emotions yet vague situation of lyrics made song universal and enduringly popular TPA AABA theme of romance crooning greater range of chords that typical of rock Text painting withholding orchestral strings until the 2nd A section makes for a rich arrival and surprise paired with suddenly Bob Dylan Appeal to the urban folk movement hard rambling persona skill to write new music that sounded as though it were embedded in folk traditions gift for poetry Distinctiveness aggressive rough style of performance incorporated traditional songs and original material approachable and accessible Electric guitar controversy urban folk purists saw this as an assault because the acoustic guitar was so central to the genre Like a Rolling Stone 6 minute epic long strophic form dense sound with organ and piano surreal images metaphors poetic blunt realism about a woman s fall from privilege by reaching 2 on the charts it marked a change in American popular music ending restrictions in length subject matter and had a band back a folk artist Late 1960s Counterculture counterculture label for innovative or rebellious aspects of 1960s culture predominantly white middle class rejected pop mainstream motivations drug use San Fran center of psychedelic rock in Haight Ashbury folk rock blues Latin music Indian Classical music Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band released during the1967 summer of love counterculture ambience Within You Without You Indian classical music concept of album as a single whole countercultural figures on album cover audience as an imagined community new standard for studio production took 8 months to make 100s hours in the studio Monterey Pop Festival 1967 in San Fran nightmare symbolic of dissolution of social movements of the 1960s and the fragmentation of pop music Woodstock 1969 Bethel NY pinnacle of counterculture movement few female and African American performers Carlos Santana virtuosic guitar style electrified Cuban dance rhythm groove and musical texture more important than the lyrics improvised solos Oye Como Va Santana s flute solo and horn section replaced by guitar fusion of original Tito Puente big band mambo swing with Cuban R B and Cha Cha Cha electric organ horn riff mambo section
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