Heavy Metal Origins grew from musical interactions between America and England MUH 2019 Exam 4 Black Sabbath original heavy metal band Musical roots of heavy metal blues R B rock n roll skiffle rock bands like Led Zeppelin and Deep Purple Early Hip Hop Socioeconomic context postindustrial state lack of federal funding housing crisis urban decay post civil rights era yet neglect of social consciousness Musical roots disco used by DJ s to create uninterrupted stream of songs Components of hip hop culture graffiti breakdancing DJ MC rapping Kool Herc Jamaican pioneer of hip hop used breaks and bridges from other records sampled b beats diverse array of musical sources Grandmaster Flash innovator of punch phrasing break spinning back spin allowed DJ to repeat phrases foundation for Public Enemy The Message Flash and the Furious Five established the rapper MC as central to hip hop established social realism in rap grim portrayal of life in South Bronx first part has the rhythmic intensity of funk stark cold electronic groove alternating between humor of Flash and frustrated tone of MC Melle Mel second half in toast style delivery a whole stream within subsequent history of rap music can be traced to this gritty record Afrika Bambataa techno sound Planet Rock founder of zulu nation fought against crime and gang culture influenced the development of global hip hop Rapper s Delight Sugar Hill Gang commercial breakthrough for hip hop over 1 million copies sold sparked series of commercial hit singles Hip Hop in the 1990s Gangsta Rap N W A Ice Cube Dr Dre Eazy E Straight Outta Compton 1989 controversial by portraying LA gang life without moral distancing Public Enemy formed in NYC advanced black nationalism and Afrocentricity politically and technically advanced lyrics Queen Latifah provided alternative to misogynist braggadocio of gansta rap balanced feminism with racial solidarity debut album All Hail the Queen influenced by R B U N I T Y spoke out against the disrespect of women in society addressing issues of street harassment domestic violence and slurs against women in hip hop culture Gangsta rap stylized images combining a survivalist outlook with a celebration of the ganster lifestyle providing a chronicle of dilemmas faced by urban communities Controversy surrounding uncompromising lyrics Campaign to Stop the Violence 1989 album all star line up of rap artists aimed at ending black on black violence Tricia Rose studies rap s urban cultural politics it s sharp criticisms of government and police and their responses as well as sexual politics of rap explores if rap causes violence or simply narrates a violent ghetto culture Hip Hop Outside the US DAM first Palestinian hip hop group Born Here reference to the broader Israeli Palestinian Conflict similarities to Grandmaster Flash s The Message Rais Lebled El General helped fuel initial Paris Spring protests in Tunisia brief arrest by government followed by internation stardom song broadcasted and chanted in Egypt protests and elsewhere in the Middle East Nique La Police similarities and references to NWA s F tha Police used in La Haine remix by DJ Cut Killer outside references in song possible ironies and significance of Edith Piaf s Je ne regrette rien The Internet Era changes in the music industry home recording internet distribution rock no longer culturally dominant music and the internet MPEG digitally compressed file followed by the MP3 downloadable file illegal piracy iPod listeners able to build own library to fit their taste shuffle post modern aesthetic iTunes launch 2001 Pro Tools PC editing production software unprecedented control over music product visual interface new way to think of music assemblage Record Industry s Response targeting baby boomers by Best of sets fewer top selling acts conservatism search for new income streams through media convergence and touring Napster 1999 allowed for file sharing through centralized server sued by RIAA and shut down in 2001 Lars Ulrich would disenfranchise millions of artists musicians photographers authors writers and other creators who would have their living illegally appropriated by internet robber barons Chuck D Main believed that more music would be sold than ever through this type of music sharing Fan funding fans allowed to purchase album and name their own price for it like a kickstarter In Rainbows Radiohead 1 2 million downloads on first day of release made more money selling less records Radiohead alternative British rock band ecletic wide ranging musical influences experimental approach to sound and rock economies OK Computer most acclaimed album of 1990s and wins Grammy American Idol and the Postmodern Era Kelly Clarkson season 1 winner A Moment like This 1 single ranged from Aretha Franklin to mainstream pop Clay Aiken season 2 runner up 1 album Measure of a Man 2006 calss action suit against Aiken s label for skewing the reality of Aiken s sexuality Carrie Underwood first country idol winner started trend toward country music on American Idol as symbol of American identity Susan Boyle preconception based on her appearance shocked the audience with her performance of Les Miserables Adam Lambert runner up in 2009 controversy of voting being botched due to his sexuality wide variety of songs Reality television Candid Camera cold war anxieties of surveillance new wave I nearly 1990s fears for authenticity of performers the Gulf War as reality TV Amateur vs profession status romanticizing the amateur demystifying the creation of a star Anxieties over authenticity struggle between demand to make it your own and be true to the music
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