Biology 240 Unity of Life Practice Exam for Test 4 Dr James Alexander Square root of 0 81 0 9 0 64 0 8 0 49 0 7 0 36 0 6 0 25 0 5 0 16 0 4 0 09 0 3 0 04 0 2 0 01 0 1 p 2pq q 1 0 2 p q 1 0 2 The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population is due primarily to A mutation B natural selection C genetic drift D migration E meiosis Carbon 14 dating is not a good technique for sequencing fossils from the Carboniferous Period 363 to 290 million years ago because the half life of carbon 14 is too short to provide accurate dating from that long ago A True B False Evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria includes which of the following A Both organelles have circular DNA B Both have prokaryote like ribosomes C They are about the same size as prokaryotic cells D Only answers A and B are correct E Answers A B and C are all correct The process where babies show a constancy in human birth weights larger and smaller babies tend to have higher death rates is one example of A stabilizing selection B directional selection C disruptive selection When potential mates of two species occupy the same area but reproduce at different times this is an example of isolation A mechanical B gametic C temporal D postzygotic E sympatric The scientist or scientists that came up with the primordial soup hypothesis A Redi B Pasteur C Oparin and Haldane D Urey and Miller E Cech The correct order of the geologic eras from oldest to most recent is A Precambrian Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic B Paleozoic Cenozoic Mesozoic Precambrian C Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic Precambrian D Mesozoic Cenozoic Paleozoic Precambrian E Precambrian Cenozoic Paleozoic Mesozoic In a population of 100 individuals 36 are white feathered White is recessive to red What is the approximate gene frequency of the red allele following Hardy Weinberg A 0 01 B 0 16 C 0 4 D 0 84 E 0 6 2 2 In the formula p 2pq q 1 A p represents the frequency of one of the phenotypes in a population B p represents the probability of an allele mutating C 2pq is the probability of the heterozygotes in the population D q represents the selection pressure acting against an allele E answers C and D are both correct In a population that is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium with two alleles A and a the frequency of allele a is 0 3 What is the percentage of the population that would be heterozygous for this allele A 3 B 70 C 30 D 42 E 9 Mutations are an important event in evolution because A most mutations have beneficial effects B they occur in response to needs C genes deteriorate if they never mutate D they provide variation in genes E each gives rise to a new selective pressure Gene frequencies in a gene pool may shift randomly and by chance This is called A artificial selection B adaptive radiation C genetic drift D climatic shift E natural selection To produce large crop yields U S farmers apply pesticides to control crop pests Unfortunately they are unwittingly selecting for pests that are more resistant to these pesticides so the farmers have to apply even more pesticides This is an example of A allometric growth B stabilizing selection C directional selection D paedomorphosis E divergent selection 1 Anatomical structures that show similar function but have dissimilar embryonic histories and structural components are said to be A identical B homologous C primitive D polyphyletic E analogous The reproductive barrier that maintains the species boundary between horses and donkeys the hybrid mules do not produce gametes is A mechanical isolation B gametic inviability C hybrid inviability D hybrid sterility E hybrid breakdown According to the theory of a new species changes most as it buds from a parent species and then changes little for the rest of its existence A polymorphic hybrids B sympatric speciation C adaptive radiation D punctuated equilibrium E long distance dispersal The big bang model suggests that the universe A is about 13 14 billion years old B is about 4000 years old C has always been here D created the Earth s sun and its solar system directly E is made primarily of nitrogen The idea that phenotypic changes acquired by an individual can be passed on to offspring is called A Lamarckian evolution B gradualism C punctuated evolution D sympatric speciation E paedomorphosis Guppies a small fish were transferred to a stream in which the predators preferred juveniles and small adults Larger adults were less likely to be eaten After 50 generations the descendants of these guppies were 100 larger in size compared to their ancestors This experiment is evidence for occurring A genetic drift B mutation C natural selection D inbreeding E assortative mating Many blind cave dwelling creatures such as salamanders and fish have functionless bulbs of tissue in place of eyes Charles Darwin would argue that the bulbs of tissue A do not exist B are evidence that extinction occurs C are evidence that some evolutionary change occurs by processes other than natural selection D are the result of natural selection and evolution Natural selection acts directly on A the entire genome B genotype of an individual C the phenotype of an individual D each allele E the entire gene pool of a species Species that are only distantly related but that occupy similar environments come to resemble each other through a process of A genetic drift B phyletic evolution C convergent evolution D adaptive radiation E coevolution 2