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UofL BIOL 240 - Details of Metabolism
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BIOL 240 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. Metabolisma. Catabolic pathwayb. Anabolic pathwayII. Forms of Energya. ThermodynamicsIII. Free Energy Change of ReactionIV. Cellular WorkV. ATPVI. Activation EnergyVII. EnzymesVIII. Active SiteIX. Regulation of MetabolismX. Feedback InhibitionOutline of Current Lecture Overview: Details of MetabolismI. ATP ProductionII. Redox Reactionsa. Oxidationb. ReductionIII. Oxidation of Fuel MoleculesIV. The Stages of Cellular Respiration: A Previewa. Glycolysis: Glucose  2 pyruvatei. Two major phases:b. Pyruvate Oxidation and Citric Acid Cyclei. Pyruvate Oxidation1. Pyruvate  Acetyl CoAii. Citric Acid Cycle1. Acetyl CoA  Citric Acid Cycleiii. Energyc. Oxidation Phosphorylationi. Electron transport chainii. ChemiosmosisV. Without Oxygena. Other ways to produce ATPThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.VI. Fermentation vs. Respirationa. Similarb. Different VII. Biosynthesis (Anabolic Pathways)Current LectureOverview: Details of MetabolismI. ATP Productiona. Catabolic pathways yield energy throughi. Chemical reactions1. Transfer of electrons stored in organic molecules2. Releases energy3. Energy used to synthesize ATPII. Redox Reactionsa. Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactionsb. Oxidation: loses electrons, H (losing energy)c. Reduction: gains electrons, H (gaining energy)III. Oxidation of Fuel Moleculesa. During cellular respiration, glucose (fuel) is oxidized and O2 is reduced.IV. The Stages of Cellular Respiration: A Previewa. Glycolysis: Glucose  2 pyruvatei. Occurs in cytoplasm ii. Occurs whether or not oxygen is presentiii. Makes 2ATP and 2NADHiv. Two major phases:1. Energy investment phase2. Energy payoff phaseb. Pyruvate Oxidation and Citric Acid Cyclei. Pyruvate Oxidation1. Pyruvate  Acetyl CoAii. Citric Acid Cycle1. Acetyl CoA  Citric Acid Cycle2. 4 CO23. 6 NADH4. 2 ATP5. 2 FADH2iii. Energy1. Energy from glucose goes to the electron carriersc. Oxidation Phosphorylationi. Electron transport chain1. NADH and FADH2 pass the electrons to the electron transport chain2. Release energy in stepwise amounts (going down in energy)3. Final electron acceptor: Oxygen (why we breathe)4. Energy pumps hydrogen across membrane (active transport: against gradient)ii. Chemiosmosis1. Energy is stored as a H+ gradient2. Coupled to ATP synthesis3. Proton-motive forceiii. Makes about 28-34 ATPV. Without Oxygena. Most cellular respiration requires O2 to produce ATPi. No electron transport chainb. Other ways to produce ATPi. Anaerobic respiration: final acceptor differsii. Fermentation: glycolysis only1. Alcoholic fermentation: 2 pyruvate  2 acetaldehyde  2 ethanol2. Lactic Acid fermentation: 2 pyruvates  2 lactateVI. Fermentation vs. Respirationa. Similari. Glycolysisii. Use NAD+ as the oxidizing agentb. Different final acceptorsi. Organic molecule in fermentationii. Oxygen in aerobic respirationiii. Sulfur or nitrate in anaerobic respirationc. Different ATP numbersi. Fermentation: 2ii. Respiration: 32-38VII. Biosynthesis (Anabolic Pathways)a. The body uses small molecules to build other substancesb. Molecules comei. Directly from foodORii. Produced during glycolysis of the citric acid


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UofL BIOL 240 - Details of Metabolism

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