MUH 2019 Review Sheet Exam 4 Early Hip hop Socioeconomic context in the Bronx Jamaican sound system contributions to hip hop o Kool Herc Born in Jamaica 1995 Break spinning in clubs and parks Used breaks and bridges from other records Sampled B Beats diverse array of musical sources Collaborated with MC Coka didn t rap but announced and hyped the crowd 4 components of hip hop culture Grandmaster Flash o Innovator of several DJ techniques Punch phrasing Break spinning Back spin Allowed DJ to repeat phrases Foundation of public enemy s techniques and others Flash and furious five 1982 The Message established the rapper MC as central to hip hop o The Message Flash and the furious five Rapper Melle Mel Established social realism in rap Presents grim portrait of life in south Bronx Mixture of humor and images of desperation Second half in toast style delivery 1990s Alternative Rock Seattle Grunge Overview and major players in the coalescing of the grunge scene in Seattle in the late 1980s and early 1990s o Emergence of grunge sound Overdriven guitar Postpunk bands dressed in flannel Orchestrated by sub Pop o Exemplified by Sub Pop s bands like Green River Mudhoney Pearl Jam Soundgarden Screaming Trees and Nirvana o Soundgarden first to gain some success and attention from major labels Started patterns of bands signing with major labels and leaving Sub Pop Definition of alternative in rock during the 1990s Nirvana o Overview and highlights of career Started by Cobain and Novoselic in Aberdeen Washington Signed with Sub Pop 1989 released first album Bleach Signed with major label DGC released Nevermind No 1 in charts Defining moment in rock history Threw the band onto the national stage MTV promotes single Smells Like Teen Spirit o Smells Like Teen Spirit Overview of song s subject matter and impact on popular music First alternative rock single to hit top 10 Definitive moment in history of rock Combines heavy metal textures with pop songwriting Dark brooding cryptic lyrics Sleek studio crafted sound Series of vocal and instrumental hooks Form as outlined in the textbook A section verse o Quiet and reflective Two chorus sections B and C o B crescendo with spacey one word mantro hello thick guitar o C heavy metal power chords Cobain scream lyrics Hip hop in the 1990s Gangsta Rap Artists groups to know o N W A O Shea Ice Cube Eric Eazy E Wright Jackson Andre Dr Dre Young Founder of Ruthless Records 1986 1988 album Straight Outta Compton Controversial by portraying Los Angeles gang life without moral distancing Ice Cube leaves and goes on to successful solo career o Public Enemy Formed in NYC Leader Chuck D MC Flavor Vlav DJ Terminator X production team aka The Bomb Squad paramilitary bodyguards Advanced black nationalism and Afrocentricity Politically and technically advanced lyrics It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back 1988 and Fear of Black Planet 1990 Provided alternative to misogynist braggadocio of gangsta rap Balanced feminism with racial solidarity Debut album on Tommy Boy records 1989 All Hail the Queen o Queen Latifah Hit single Ladies First Influence by R B Dr Tricia Rose and her work on music and violence See powerpoint presentation o Violence pervades American culture o Critics wrongly interpret rap lyrics as autobiographical Equate rappers with thugs and thus threat to society Made possible thru history of racist assumptions The origins for context specific stories involving guns drufs street culture and crime are directly related to combination of drastic changes in social life community and policies of neglect that destroyed neighborhood stability in much of black urban America The Internet Era Changes in the Music Industry o Unprecedented changes to rock Home recording Rock no longer culturally dominant Internet distribution o Music and the Internet Illegal piracy MPEG digitally compressed file The Ipod Youtube o Targeting of Baby Boomers Radiohead o Overview of the group Alternative rock band Johnny Greenwood lead guitar keyboards British founded in 1986 Thom Yorke lead vocals guitar piano Colin Greenwood bass Phil Selway drums precussion Ed O Brien guitar backing vocals Eclectic wide ranging musical influences Experimental approach to sound and economies of rock International recognition with OK Computer most acclaimed album of 1990s Grammy for Best Alternative rock album Kid A 2000 and Amnesiac 2001 Even greater range of music influences o Fan Funding and their 2007 album In Rainbows o Bodysnatchers Fans allowed to purchase album through direct download and they chose the price 1 2 downloads on the first day of release Ed O Neal We made more money selling less records Lyrics describe an alienated person incarcerated in his own body unable to connect with those around him Seen as a reflection of band s struggle for artistic creative independence from commercial pressures of the industry Song begins with heavy guitar riff in drop tuning At 2 07 instrumental texture opens up for guitar solo over vast sonic landscape Ends with revamping to unison guitar riff o Napster o Televised debate between Lars Ulrich and Chuck Main arguments main argument of each side see link to video in the document Links for Lecture 11 21 Music Piracy EDM electronic dance music Dance music encompassing a myriad of subgenres Shaped over several decades US umbrella term electronica After 2012 commercialized label EDM used for electronic pop dance music The sound o Electronic synthesized digital sounds o Dominance of bass line o Repetitive beats o 1990s Rave Culture in the UK Fragmentation of British rave culture into subgenres Large outdoor raves rootlessness Acid house European import expunged of AA influence Jungle implicit racial associations with primitivism and urban violence Recent developments contemporary commercial EDM o Changes in the role of the DJ Embodiment of the music studio Record player to turntable becomes creative musical tool Dj stands at a juncture of technology performance and culture Facilitator of shared sonic journey in dialogue with dancers Synesthetic experience Musical characteristics of EDM o Build up and Drop Anticipation expectancy deferral and gratification Sonic means of intensification o EDM musical structures Highly repetitive Anti teleological Development through textural layering American Idol Singers to know see powerpoint for relevant information o Kelly Clarkson No 1 single A Moment like this from Thankful 2003 Range of styles she could master Staying
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