Part 1 The Great Depression led to an increase in public skepticism White Collar Crime must be studied in order to obtain information about effective prevention and intervention systems and policies The 1980 s were known as the betrayal decade and the 1990 s were known as the greed decade FALSE Cross sectional research was discussed in the textbook Indicated white collar crime was commonplace among large corporations The National Crime Victimization Survey does not collect statistics regarding WCC True Sociologist that coined the term criminaloids and defined it as the business man who commits illegal acts E A Ross Edwin Sutherland coined the term WCC The CATO Institute supports a project that tracks trends annually across the nation of what type of offense Police officers implicated in misconduct Edwin Snowden was scared that nothing would change Why is there little media coverage ALL OF THE ABOVE The Danziger Bridge was NOT an example of police officers extending above and beyond Officers were NOT committed of murder Neutralizing Theory o Denial of victim denial of injury denial of responsibility appeal to higher loyalties and condemnation of condemners o Denial of victim A lot of excuses with this theory they think there was no victim in this crime we were just extorting people who wanted gambling money We weren t stealing tax payers money make justifications o Denial of responsibility I wasn t the only one that did it o Appeal to higher loyalties my boss told me we had to get an increase in revenue and that he didn t care how we got it done Putting the blame on higher authority o Condemnation of Condemners blaming the investors for not picking up on the fact that their money is being stolen you should have been smarter and known o WCC offenders use neutralization techniques to give the mental fortitude to engage in the crimes accounts are offered after the fact to describe their behaviors o 3 types denials justifications and excuses Routine Activities Theory o states that in order for a crime to be committed three specific criteria must be involved These criteria are that there must be a motivated offender a suitable target as well as the absence of a capable guardian o Rational Choice Theory offenders weight the costs and benefits of crime o 3 assumptions individualism maximize goals and self interest o Desire for control as the desire for control increases so do the benefits of o Pro s and cons what outweighs Decision making process for everyone o Strain Theory stresses and strains lead to offending o A worker feels the pressure from home as well as their place of employment to maintain a certain level of success money profit equates to sucesss o May be tempted to steal money and resources from work to maintain status WCC differs from traditional because more financial damages than conventional Rational Choice the crime Strain income Shakedowns o taking bribes from offender to not enforce the law commonly involves drugs or drug dealers Business going on under the table Small suburb neighborhoods with gang affiliations that have street ownership ask law enforcement to make an arrangement bribes police officer with a profit of what he sells if he turns the back to what s happening in the area Uniform Crime Reports o Compiled by the FBI from the individual police agency reports o Provides raw counts of events NO additional information o Includes data on Offenses known to the police Detailed homicide data SHR Crimes cleared by arrest Persons arrested Components of a civil crime must pay for attorney no jail time pay monetary damages wronged party files the case Gary Webb o 1990 s o Went public with information on the CIA trafficking cocaine and using profits o Government made no response to the accusation due to overwhelming o 2004 Gary Webb was found in his home with 2 gunshot wounds to the head to finance a guerrilla war evidence and documents documented as a suicide Corporate Crime Theory o Corporate settings provide motive opportunity and means o General explanation of corporate crime Organizational structure larger companies lead to more crime Organizational process pressure from top down may influence the lower end workers to do as they are told Dynamic organization explanations explores the links among societal factors organizational processes and individual motivation Culture of Competition Learning theorists claim WCC offenders learn skill to commit as well as motives and reasons for committing crime from those that they work with TRUE Michael Brown Christina West Eric Garner police misconduct cases Differences between a corporate crime and occupational crime corporate crime is at organizational level and the other is at individual level NIBRS 6 WCC categories Deceptive ads characterized by misleading untrue claims sometimes supported by rigged tests and photographic trickery Main argument in John Stewart on Chris s show media sources and perceived biases Bait and switch technique companies use to allure companies to sell a product or service which the advertiser does not intend or want to sell Price gauging selling different colors at different prices Women are not disproportionately studied They only account for of crimes African Americans are well represented in embezzlement and fraud Age crime curve can be applied to WCC criminals saying they begin to age out of crime careers in mid 20 s FALSE Why did WCC such as Bernie Madoff accused of stealing over 50 billion from retirement receive coverage ALL OF THE ABOVE Informers o Provide info in exchange for payment or a favorable arrangement concerning criminal charges against themselves criminally implicated themselves o Most likely will come forward in confessions to negotiate a plea deal o Insider information that can lead to the investigation arrest indictment and conviction o I ll give you the names of everyone that was involved in this and how o Have info dated with people s names and times Muckraker o Goal is to expose high level of wrongdoing o In 1970 s Muckraking received a makeover and become known as investigative reporting Employee dissatisfaction higher rates of employment theft FDA was created by the Food and Drug Act FDA regulates inspects monitors all of the above American Medical Association and the American Bar Association have no formal disciplinary powers beyond expulsion from association memberships TRUE o Refers to regulation that is directed at one s own company or professional Self Regulation