Exam 3 WCCExam 1 Questions 1. Which statement is NOT one of Payne’s three factors used to distinguish WCC? a. White collar crimes are only committed in a corporate office2. WCC only occurs between the hours of 9am-5pma. FALSE3. WCC costs less in damages than property crimes.a. FALSE4. Who said that WCC must be studied in order to obtain information about effective prevention and investigation systems and policies to be developed, to provide info about the potential careers related to WCC, and to offer insight into current culture and subculture? a. PAYNE5. WCC is complex in nature. Which one of these statements did we NOT discuss in class?a. Involves individuals who only attended private or prep schools6. What type of research is defined as: strategies where researchers enter a particular setting and gather data through their observations in those settings.a. FIELD RESEARCH 7. What type of research is defined as: allows researchers to select a particular crime, criminal, event, or phenomena and study the features surrounding the causes and consequences of thoseevents.a. CASE STUDY8. The NCVS does not collect statistics regarding WCC.a. TRUE9. Which sociologists coined the term "criminaloid" and defined it as: the business man who commits illegal acts out of a desire to maximize profit, while hiding behind arcade of respectability and piety. a. E.A. Ross10. Edwin Sutherland introduced what in 1939? a. The term white collar crime11. Under strain theory in Payne (2013), identify what universalism means to WCC?a. All individuals are encouraged to strive for monetary success regardless of whether thatis realistic12. The warning light syndrome refers to the facts that outbreaks of WCC could potentially send a message to individuals, businesses, or committed that something is wrong in a particular work place system a. TRUE13. WCC criminals are more likely to be a. white and middle aged14. Which statement is NOT a category that accurately describes the demographics of WCC criminal versus a conventional criminal? a. More likely to be from the Northeast part of the United States 15. Why is there little media coverage of WCC? a. There is more indirect harm experienced by individual victims than convention crime victims, Public resistance to viewing corporations as criminal, large and wealthy media organizations may not be inclined to link other large and wealthy organizations with criminality. ALL OF THE ABOVE 16. WCC theory would explain WCC as a learned behavior developed from the individual's that the criminals associate with? a. Differential association theory17. WCC offenders use neutralization techniques to a. Justify and Excuse for their actions BOTH A & C18. Hirschi (1969) identified four bonds that he used to explain "why people don't commit crime".a. They are attachment, belief, commitment, and involvement19. If white collar criminals have low self control, how did they become successful in the first place? Some researchers argue that the self control theory is not applicable to WCC bc of its logical inconsistencya. FALSE20. Under strain theory in Payne (2013) identify what materialism means to WCC?a. Individuals are socialized to want material goods21. How does WCC differ from traditional crime? a. WCC results in more damages than conventional property crime22. Which of the following contains three of the five principles of science that are required in the study of WCC?a. Parsimony, skepticism, relativism23. Which source of conventional crime is collected by the FBI, contains raw counts of events, and includes data on offenses known to the police?a. Uniform Crime Reports 24. The organization FINCEN mission is to promote whistleblowers within a company and compensate them financially for their information.a. FALSE25. Conflict theory E26. Rational choice theory B27. Routine activities theory D28. Deterrence theory A29. Strain theory C(A) The effective punishment is swift, certain and proportionate to the crime and therefore prevents the individual from committing the crime(B) WCC criminals weigh the costs and benefits of the crime in Orr to determine whether it is worth perpetrating(C) The social and cultural strains and stresses lead a WCC criminal to offending(D)An example of the motivated offender, absence of guardians and presences of suitable targets in a WCC would be a decrease in the number of workers in retail means more workers working alone and therefore less supervision(E)This theory would say that for WCC criminals, prison is much harder and the loss of their reputation ismore significant than the conventional one30. Within the corporate crime theory, it states that larger organizational structures lead to less crime.a. FALSE31. Identify which types of surveys are used to collect information about WCC crimesa. all of the above, face to face interviews, telephone interviews, mail surveys32. Experimental and quasi-experimental designs are studies where the researchers examine how the presence of one variable____ produces the ____.a. Independent variable; dependent variable 33. Civil justice system B34. Economic system C35. Corporate system D36. Occupational system A(A) Majority of professions are located(B) Individuals (plaintiffs) seek recourse for offenses by way of a lawsuit(C) Drives our financial situation(D)Includes businesses and corporations that carry out business activity as part of our capitalist system37. Identify which of the following is NOT a concept used to define WCC from figure 2.1 in Payne. a. violent crimes that inflict physical harm38. Why are woman disproportionally studied within the field WCC? a. They are not disproportionally studied, they are only arrested for 1/4 of the crimes that men are 39. African Americans are not likely to be charged with corporate wrongdoing, but they are well represented in low level WCC such as a. embezzlement and fraud40. The "age/crime curve" can be applied to WCC, stating that WCC criminals began out of criminal careers in their mid-twenties.a. FALSE41. Why did WCC crimes such as Bernie Madoff being accused of stealing over $500 billion from retirement funds and Martha Stewart being convicted of insider trading receive media coverage? a. All of the above-implicated many people, including consumers and investors; resulted inlarge amounts of money being lost; the individuals involved were already well-known names to the public42. ____ provides info that can lead to the investigation, arrest,