If the resessive allele is occuring at the same frequency as the dominant allele then genetic equalibrium is occuring Not natural selection As the fitness of the recessive allele approaches zero the rate of fixation of the dominant allele increases In replica plating you want individual bacterial colonies instead of streaks because individual colonies are easier to count and replicate In replica plating the antibiotic selects for resistant colonies and against susceptible ones Used gloves should never go in the regular trash because they may be contaminated with bio hazardous materials You should always wash your hands before leaving the lab even if you were wearing gloves because hazardous material on the gloves can get on your hands while taking the gloves off Computer simulations are useful in hypothesis formation and testing because they can simulate conditions that can t be experimentally tested Antibiotics do not cause bacteria to become resistant to it Random mutations cause antibiotic resistance Carrying capacity is the maximum size of a population that an ecosystem can sustain When exponential growth is limited by the carrying capacity of the ecosystem logistic growth occurs Intra species competition is competition among members of the same species species lab were Inter species competition is competition among different The six abiotic factors that were tested in the Chlamydomonas o Light intensity o Gas exchange o pH o Phosphorous concentration o Nitrogen Concentration o Temperature Chlamydomonas is a unicellular eukaryotic green algae When blanking a spectrophotometer it must be in transmittance When taking readings with a spectrophotometer it must be in absorbance The two things make up an ecosystem are o Abiotic factors o Various living organisms Chlorophyll is the pigment molecule responsible for the color of Chlamydamonas You use chlorophyll concentration to indirectly measure the overall concentration of photosynthetic organisms in a given water sample As the concentration of photoautotrophs increase so too does the chlorophyll concentration The three variables tested at the lakes were o Depth o Clarity o Temperature The Chlamydamonas experiments relate to the measurements taken at the lakes because they both tested the same biotic and abiotic factors that are found in an ecosystem Structures with similar functions that are derived from the same lineage are homologous Structures with similar functions that are derived from different lineages are analogous The limbs of dogs cats and humans are an example of homologous structures The wings of birds bats and insects are an example of analogous structures Systematics is the grouping and naming of organisms based on their similarities The 3 basic shapes of bacteria are o Coccus spherical o Bacillus rod shaped o Spirillum spiral Bacteria and Archean are both prokaryotic Protists are difficult to classify because they can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic Extremophiles organisms that live in harsh environments such as hot springs tend to be Archean One of the main differences between bacteria and archea is that archea have introns and bacteria don t The three domains are bacteria archean and eukaryotes Eukaryotes have membrane enclosed organelles and prokaryotes don t Protists are eukaryotic The 6 kingdoms are o Bacteria o Archea o Protists o Plants o Animals o Fungi are eukaryotic colonial are haploid Of the 6 kingdoms bacteria and archea are prokaryotic The rest Plants are truly multicellular whereas algae are unicellular or In terms of ploidy sporophytes are diploid and gametophytes Say you are looking at a plant The leaves and stems are the sporophyte The seeds are the gametophyte The largest part of a moss is avascular this part of the moss is the gametophyte Sponges are the most primitive phylum of animals They have one tissue type and they are asymmetrical Cnidarians are radially symmetric and have 2 tissue layers Bilateral symmetry is symmetry about one single plane Bilaterally symmetric organisms tend to have 3 tissue layers