Biology 1209 Study Guide Protists Bacteria Aracheans PROSTISTS 10 total 5 hetereotrophs 4 autotrophs 1 absorbs food slime molds 5 HETEREOTROPHS 1 Amoeba protozoan phylum Rhizopodia Move using pseudopodia used to capture prey Amoebas eat bacteria algae and other protists so these microorganisms are usually present where Amoebas are present Lack a specific shape Found in oceans salt water fresh water mud found attached to debris in mud they move slowly Heterotrophs With amoebas under slide look for cytoplasmic streaming can be parasites to humans and animal living in digestive tract Amoeba on slide pink and purple blobs with darker circles in the middle The amoeba at a different slide also looked like a big white blob with pseudopodia This white blob had the cytoplasmic streaming and had allomyces water molds in the culture This amoeba was in depression used vasoline this is necessary because the vasoline prevents the microscope light from drying and killing the amoebas Amoeba in little cup thing relatively small yellowish green blob kinda looks like a peanut 2 Trypanosoma phylum Zoomastigophora Move using flagella Look like worms Heterotrophs are parasites the pink circles are erythrocytes red blood cells the worms are the trypanosoma only visible in detail under 40x leukocytes white blood cells less and should look different from red blood cells visible under 4x under 40x the trypanosoma looks like ribbon glassy red and green obviously a worm 3 Paramecium protozoan phylum Ciliophora Move using cilia When paramecium hit something they back up turn 30 degrees and try again Have macro and micro nucleus Heterotrophs Found in fresh water and marine enviornments eat bacteria algae and other protists Macronucleus controls the cell s activities Micronucleus fxn in genetic recombination cilia Food vacuole Contractile vacuole Oral groove Forming food vacuole Anal pore Paramecium on slide skinny purple oval and yellow orangish little circles moving around The paramecium eats yeast dyed red this will turn black when digested by paramecium Protoslo red yeast cover slip and paramecium used to wet mount Macro and micro nucleus are right next to each other 4 Foraminiferans phylum Foraminifera 4x only Move using pseudopods Not many on the slide Made up of chambers that can be arranged in 1 row many rows or in a spiral Also rhizopods species determined by the appearance of forum test crystaline calcite shells on slide it looks like a big brown blob in 4x closer it s still brown but the chambers are visible 5 Radiolaria phylum Actiopdia silica shells Move using pseudopods Similar to foramniferans On slide look like glass green and red insides have a thick outline 4 AUTOTROPHS 1 Dinoflagellates phylum Dinoflagellata move with 2 flagella 1 longitudinal and 1 traverse Move in slow circles Most are marine salt water organisms Half are photosynthetic w an eyespot Some are bioluminescent they also cause the red tides have perpendicular grooves and cellulose plates spines they are autotrophs on slide really faint red w spines sticking out sometimes these plates are extended into transverse longitdunal Live dinoflagellate relatively large red and green glassy moves quickly see through 2 Diatoms phylum Bacillariophyta Bacillariophyta can have centric radially symmetric pinnate elongated and bilaterally symmetric or both diatom forms Centric Pinnate Many are symmetrical pretty intricate designs free floating organisms centric diatoms don t move penates have some locomotion found in marine salt water and fresh water enviornments Silica shells form many shapes They are the major components of plankton they are autotrophs contribute to 40 of primary production in the ocean brownish yellow color comes from chlorophyll A and C important in carbon cycle sink ad transfer CO2 to bottom of ocean really light Diatoms in cup looks like chopped up lettuce on spines 3 Red algae phylum Rhodophyta mainly tropical seaweeds some are marine red color comes from phycoerthrin this absorbs blue light penetrating the water further and allowing red algae to flourish at lower depths Most are filamentous but others are unicellular Some form large sheets others are shaped like coral organisms Corraline used for food nori used in Japanese cuisine autotrophic type of red algae that secretes carbonate shell help build reefs nori coralline rhodophyta 3 Brown algae phylum Phaeophyta includes giant kelp considered single celled marine ranges from microscopic to huge flotation bladders keep blades near surface brown algae fills bladders with gases produced during respiration brown color comes from xanthophyll that COVERS UP chlorophyll A and C makes gel to retain water in some dry areas more closely related to diatoms than red and green algae red and green algae are closely related to each other more closely related to Archaea than Eukarya BACTERIA Smaller than protists visible at 4 10x bacteria are visible at 40x Shapes 1 cocci looks like little clusters of grapes 2 bacilli little tiny rods that look like spirals as a whole 3 spirilli little tiny curves Cyanobacteria Anaboena Oscillatoria if nitrogen is limited than the anaboena will make larger cells that can fix nitrogen looks like a really light green segmented thread photosynthetic name associated with color of the organism Hay infusion is a mixture of protists and bacteria uses darkfield microscopy looks like a green thing with white outline it originally looks like dirty water and sticks in the beaker E Coli milky white the yellow and orange is other bacteria bacteria help make yogurt and are found in proBIOtics the bio bacteria