MUH2019 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE Early Rock N Roll The next generation Elvis Presley His gyrating hips were seen as vulgar by some but loved by teen fans Became the biggest selling solo artist of any period until the early twenty first century Popularity established rock n roll as a mass market phenomenon Began his career with Sun Records recall his hit Mystery Train Moved to RCA Victor in late 1955 The Goal Turn the Hillbilly Cat into a mainstream performer without compromising his appeal to young audiences TV and film appearances managed by Colonel Thomas Parker Pop friendly sound produced by Chet Atkins Don t be cruel Based on the twelve bar blues Vocals include striking regional accent and hiccupping effect Incorporates a strong backbeat from western swing Uses electronic reverb to replicate slapback echoing sound Jordanaires oohs and ahhs in the background provide pop sweetening Ritchie Valens Adaptation of a Mexican folk song from the genre son jarocho Veracruz a historic center of Afro Mexican culture Valens s recording is more simple and spare than traditional interpretations Valens s recording is notable for unique timbres including the fuzzy sound of the Gibson Super 400 hollow bodied guitar Early 1960 s early soul Sam Cooke Began career in gospel group the Soul Stirrers Cool smooth vocal approach of crooners Tension between gospel fan base and his secular song output Political involvement Malcom X Muhammad Ali Black power movement A Change is Gonna Come adopted as anthem of civil rights movement You Send Me 1957 independent label keen records Sentimental Tin pan alley style AABA form Subdued rhythm Lush vocal background Vocal style Crooning with hint of gospel Melismas Ray Charles Blind at age 7 Influenced by Gospel and Preaching Tradition Skilled singer keyboard player songwriter Master at making crossover hits Covered a lot of Country Songs 1959 Hit Cover of Country song I m Movin On 1962 I Can t Stop Loving You Controversy over vocalisms moans use of preaching techniques for songs evoking sex Major influence on soul James Brown Aretha Franklin Curtis Mayfield Tin Pan Alley Pop Tunes Georgia on my mind Motown Records Started by Berry Gordy in 1959 Detroit MI Hit Factory songwriting producing marketing organization One of the most successful black owned businesses in history of music industry Tight financial and artistic control Sought out the widest possible audience of mainstream black music aimed at mainstream without selling out Avoided direct evocations of blues and earlier African American popular styles Little use of 12 bar blues In house recording band Funk Brothers My Girl The Temptations Temptations No 1 in 1965 Romantic song Verse chorus form Initial bass and guitar hook Layering of sound to evoke rising passion Instrumental interlude before 3rd verse Stax Records Rock artists advocated for soul artists they covered Rock aesthetic of authenticity Result Soul artists with two parallel audiences Otis Redding performed at Monterey Pop Festival Concept of Race still central to rock music Based in Memphis TN Founded in 1957 Satellite Records 1960 Style change Renamed Stax Volt Records Integrated soul house band Booker T the MGs Rivaled Motown also Motown s opposite in many ways Motown mainstream Sound of Young America Stax down home southern R B audience Sound of Black America James Brown Godfather of Soul Profound influence on funk hip hop and all of pop Headstrong uncompromising maximalist emotion minimalist grooves Repitions of single words Hypnotic syncopated syllables Eschewed chords for rhythm and timre Secular preaching Left structure of 50s R B behind Static harmony Rhythm and timbre Limited vocal melody First hit Please Please Please 1956 There was a Time 1968 Live at the Apollo 1963 The British Invasion Time of consolidation formalization and re evaluation for Rock N Roll Attempt to re absorb into mainstream pop with traditional Tin Pan Alley approaches to production characterized by Evolution of popular styles grounded in African American traditions Application of Industrial mass production techniques Increasing influence of TV Rise of regional variants i e California Surf Music However no one foresaw the British Invasion and its effects on American music in the 60 s The Beatles Modeled themselves after Buddy Holly s Crickets Band included Paul McCartney John Lennon Ringo Starr and George Harrison Lineup established by 1962 By 1963 were writing much of their own material George Martin producer considered the 5th Beatle due to his essential role in the studio Lennon McCartney were the primary songwriters First Album Please Please Me Included 6 covers 8 originals Were already established stars in Europe before some of their hits were released by record companies in the U S in 1963 First hit in the U S I Wanna Hold Your Hand released by Capital Records with accompanying album Meet the Beatles really took off Toured the U S in 1964 First Rock N Roll Group Back Up musicians were not interchangeable Allowed fans to identify with specific members of the group Every member sang played at least one instrument and wrote songs Overall merging of writing playing and singing Aligned with Rock N Roll tradition rather than Brill Building TPA approach Self Contained autonomous musical unit Displayed themselves not as professional colleagues but just friends who happened to make music together Ability for fans to identify with them as peers or friends as alternative to parental older more conservative voices Rock went from being music for middle class youth to being performed by middle class youth Identified as songwriters and prioritized their publishing rights Instead of selling their publishing rights to a record company they created their own company Northern Lights Ltd Please Please Me Beatles first Top 10 hit in the U K Wasn t successful in the U S at first later was made popular alongside I Wanna Hold Your Hand Straightforward up tempo love song Short crisp efficient only 2 minutes long AABA form Eleanor Rigby No 11 in 1966 Released as the B Side of Yellow Submarine Not really the smash hit of the previous 3 but the fact that it was on the B side of a novelty record shows its impact Unconventional Philosophical look at loneliness from a philosophical even spiritual perspective rather than a romantic one Verse Chorus form suggests the influence of folk ballads Yesterday No 1 hit in 1965 Wide ranging and enduringly popular most covered by other artists Evokes Tin Pan
View Full Document
Unlocking...