Environmental Ethics https underthecblog files wordpress com 2014 12 climate change solution jpg Image http www hdwallpapers in download wildlife 1920x1080 jpg I Ethicial Issues involving Ecosystem sustainability and the Conservation of Wildlife We begin this module by exploring some of the different underlying values that direct conservation policy and explain how they can create ethical dilemmas and disagreements Expanding human demands on land sea and fresh water along with the impacts of climate change have made the conservation and management of wild areas and wild animals a top priority But there are many different reasons for thinking that such conservation is important and these reasons can shape conservation policies in different ways Gamborg C Palmer C Sandoe P 2012 Ethics of Wildlife Management and Conservation What Should We Try to Protect Nature Education Knowledge 3 10 8 Ethical Questions What are our roles as stewards of their environment and What value does 1 Ethics of Wildlife Management and Conservation What Should We Try to Protect http www nature com scitable knowledge library ethics of wildlife management and conservation wildlife have what 80060473 1 Environmental ethicists use what term to describe the usefulness of wildlife instrumental value 2 What are some of the historic uses critical resources that wild animal provided for human survival Historically food fur and leather were key to human survival 3 More recently wildlife has assumed high economic and cultural significance by providing what More recently wildlife has assumed high economic and cultural significance Wild animals provide entertainment in circuses zoos and wildlife parks they form a central attraction in international tourism and they are key members of ecosystems on which humans rely for vital services 4 What threats do wildlife pose for humans today They can be sources of new human diseases zoonotic and they can damage or consume human crops 5 What do environmental ethicists mean when they refer to instrumental value of wildlife What matters here whether as resource or threat is how useful or otherwise wildlife is to human beings 6 What are four concerns with regard to modern debates about wildlife animal welfare protecting species or populations of wild animals about protecting the ecosystems of which wild animals form a part and about protecting wild nature itself Developments in the Use and Management of Wild Animals 1 What were two prevailing attitudes Judeo Christian with regard to wildlife Judaeo Christian tradition understands animals purely as human resources other Christian traditions such as St Francis celebration of animals as brothers and sisters 2 The idea of the purity beauty and special significance of wild places served to underpin the foundation of the US National Parks system True or False 3 When was the US Wilderness Act established 1964 Values at Stake in wildlife management 4 What is the difference between wise use and preservation The wise use approach aims to accommodate humanity s continuous use of wild nature as a resource for food timber and other raw materials as well as for recreation For the preservationist on the other hand the goal is to protect pristine nature not to use it carefully or otherwise 5 Can humans utilize land set aside as wilderness from the preservationist view point No Underlying Ethical Approaches to Wild Animals Five Perspectives 1 Contractarian perspective a What is the main ethical constraint on wildlife management To make sure that wildlife is used wisely for human benefit in ways that humans can agree to 2 Utilitarian perspective a c What is consequentialism Consequentialism an ethical theory based on the idea that we should aim to bring about the best outcome overall taking into account everyone affected by the decision b What is the primary value for utilitarianism Welfare defined either in terms of pleasure or in terms of preference or desire satisfaction Is sport hunting morally acceptable for a utilitarian Why or why not In some cases sport hunting would be morally unacceptable for a utilitarian as it is likely to cause animal pain without producing comparable benefits to humans 3 Animal rights perspective a Philosopher Tom Regan 1983 maintained that human and certain other animals share critical similarities What are these similarities such as being able to feel pain and having desires about their future b A wildlife policy determined by an animal rights perspective would direct us to do what with wild animals Would direct us just to leave wild animals alone 4 Respect for nature perspective a The moral importance of individual animals depends on what Depends on how far they promote or threaten the key environmental values at stake b From a nature perspective s view members of keystone species in an ecosystem will be particularly important while members of an invasive species should be removed or killed True or False 5 Contextual relational view animals differently why does this perspective view wild and domesticated 6 Hybrid views for an individual wild animal For the good of the animal population according to philosopher Bryan Norton when can we justify the sacrifice 7 In Conclusion Balancing Concerns what The way in which these different values are prioritized According to the article policy will be determined by 2 What is The Precautionary Principle When an activity raises threats of harm to the environment or human health precautionary measures should be taken even if some cause and effect relationships are not fully established scientifically http www sehn org ppfaqs html 1 How has the Food and Drug Administration The Food Quality and Protection Act and the National Environmental Policy Act implemented the Precautionary Principle The Food and Drug Administration requires all new drugs to be tested before they are put on the market The Food Quality and Protection Act of 1996 requires pesticides to be proven safe for children or removed 2 How has Verizon Wireless implemented the precautionary principle Verizon Wireless sent a brochure in July 2001 to its US cell phone customers describing the potential harm to children from radio frequencies emitted by cell phones Verizon suggested that parents adopt the precautionary principle and limit children s use of cell phones 3 Wording Matters Conservation verses preservation http www southernfriedscience com p 11746 In a world where words like sustainability are used in many
View Full Document
Unlocking...