Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden BoutImportant Reaction for BiochemistryFormation of an AmideThe don't call them functional groups for nothingCarboxylic AcidRCOOHPrimary AmineNHR'H Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden BoutCarboxylic AcidRCOOHPrimary AmineNHR'HAmide + WaterRCONR'H+ H2O Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden BoutAmino AcidCCOOHRH2NCarboxylic End and Amine EndCan react with itself (or similar molecules) in a chain Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden BoutPolypeptideTwo distinct endsN-terminus is an amineC-terminus is a carboxylic acidPrinciples of Chemistry II © Vanden BoutCarboxylic AcidRCOOHAlcoholOHR'Ester + WaterRCOOR'+ H2O Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden BoutTriglyceridesGylcerolOHOHHOFatty Acid(carboxylic acid with long chain)C12H25COOHMakes TrigylcerideOCC12H25OCC12H25C12H25COOOO Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden BoutThe three fatty acids canall be the same or differentHigh levels of triglycerides is linked tobuild up of plaque in the arteries= heart disease Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden BoutAlcoholROHAlcoholHOR'Ether + WaterROR'+ H2OPrinciples of Chemistry II © Vanden BoutSugarsGlucose(key factor for sugars lots of hydroxyls)They can react to form chains of sugarspolysaccharide Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden BoutCelluoseVery long ether chain(pretty much all plant material) Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden BoutPolysaccharide (Starch)Sugars, Carbohydratesmonosaccharides (one)disaccharides (two)polysaccharides (many) Principles of Chemistry II © Vanden BoutCondensation Reactions(two molecules make one + water)Carboxylic Acid + Amine = Amide + waterCarboxylic Acid + Alcohol = Ester + waterAlcohol + Alcohol = Ether +
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