Questions For Final Exam 1 According to the Revised Garbage Can Model the decision making process is Decision making is chaotic The decision making process can be understood in the context of three separate streams that operate independently 2 According to the Revised Garbage Can Model the decision making process can be understood in the context of three separate streams that operate independently 3 The three streams of the revised garbage can model of decision making operate interdependently False The three separate streams operate independently 4 The three streams of the revised garbage can model of decision making are separate and operate independently True 5 The stream refers to an understanding of how and why one set of problems rather than another comes to occupy officials attention Problem stream 6 The stream represents the pulse of the nation as conveyed through public and special interest campaigns Political stream 7 The stream is where administrators technocrats researchers and political staffers formulate policy proposals Policy stream 8 Policy advocates increase their chances of influencing the agenda setting process given the convergence of The problem political and policy streams 9 When a problem emerges and the political climate is ripe for certain policy preference a widens 10 The Revised Garbage Can style of decision making assumes that a diverse group of individuals will act in consultative capacity False Participatory model 11 The Participatory model is advantageous insofar as provide decision makers with a wealth of information Interest groups 12 Organizations that are said to be more inclined to underemphasize organizational values and goals and overemphasize the values and goals of clientele groups are Captive organizations 13 Consistent with European oligarchies the American system of government was founded on the principle of popular sovereignty the embodiment of which is the right to participate in the electoral process False Contrary to the European oligarchies the American system of government was founded on the principle of popular sovereignty the embodiment of which is the right to participate in the electoral process 14 In contrast to participatory decision making and pluralism elite theory assumes that a selected few are afforded the privilege of making decisions True 15 From a decision making perspective being one of the elite may center on an individual s Knowledge level education or status within a public organization 16 Public choice theory is a school of thought derived from Microeconomics the study of economic behavior of individuals and organizations False 17 Public choice theorists underscore the importance of social equity 18 Public choice theorists underscore the importance of Efficiency 19 The primary goal of groupthink styled decision making group is to maintain Its power and cohesiveness 20 Groupthink is characterized by freewheeling something often observed and encouraged in brainstorming False 21 Group think is characterized by Extreme conformity that gets in the way of any critical analysis 22 The circumstances under which groupthink occurs tend to coincide with the options listed below EXCEPT Circumstances of groupthink Directive leadership Group homogeneity in terms of ideals and background Isolation from outside influence 23 Participatory decision making assumes A diverse group of individuals or individuals representing a diverse set of interests will act in a consultative capacity 24 Elite theory assumes A select few are afforded the privilege of making decisions 25 The political decision making model assumes That intra organizational coalitions compete for influence This competition establishes which decision making alternatives are chosen and which are discarded 26 Public choice theory is derived from Microeconomics the study of the economic behavior of individuals and organizations 27 Public choice theory assumes that Self interest determines how decisions are made Bureaucrats will make decisions that minimize risks and maximize rewards for their department agency or organization 28 Fundamental change is difficult to achieve via incrementalism because it Perpetuates and condones the status quo Change occurs through decisions that have an incremental effect 29 Which of the following is NOT one of the circumstances which tends to encourage groupthink Circumstances that encourage groupthink Directive leadership Group homogeneity in terms of ideals and background Isolation from outside influences 30 Rationalization is a symptom of groupthink because Shared rationalizations are used to dismiss warning signs of the potential dangers of groupthink 31 Which of the following are NOT means of helping to avoid groupthink Avoiding groupthink The leader of the group should avoid stating his or her preferences The leader should designate a member of the group to serve as the devil s advocate Outside experts can also be used as devil s advocates Anonymity fosters truthfulness therefore the leader needs to give members of the group a means of voicing their opinions anonymously The leader needs to create a culture where debate critical analysis and creativity are encouraged 32 Taking risks is central to creative decision making True True 33 Effective brainstorming entails quantity over quality 34 In the revised garbage can model the problem political and public streams steer the decision making process True 35 The first step of decision making is setting an objective False Step 1 Pinpointing the Problem Setting Objectives is Step 3 36 To remain in the running a course of action should meet some of the must objective and it should meet all of the want objectives False To remain in the running a course of action should meet all of the must objectives and it should meet some of the want objectives 37 When formulating alternative courses of action a decision maker should ask whether the problem has existed before True 38 Wilson champions that Public Administration must emerge as a profession that is all of the below EXCEPT Public administration needed to emerge as a profession and public administrators needed to conduct themselves as such that is public administrators must be responsible professional and efficient 39 Consistent with the notions of nineteenth century reformers like Wilson and Goodnow twentieth century analysts acknowledged the reality that appointed administrative officials function in an apolitical environment False twentieth
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