chaotic 1 According to the Revised Garbage Can Model the decision making process is three separate streams that operate independently 2 According to the Revised Garbage Can Model the decision making process can be understood in the context of False independently True problem political policy 3 The three streams of the revised garbage can model of decision making operate interdependently 4 The three streams of the revised garbage can model of decision making are separate and operate independently 5 The stream refers to an understanding of how and why one set of problems rather than another comes to occupy officials attention 6 The stream represents the pulse of the nation as conveyed through public and special interest campaigns 7 The stream is where administrators technocrats researchers and political staffers formulate policy proposals the problem political and policy streams 8 Policy advocates increase their chances of influencing the agenda setting process given the convergence of policy window 9 When a problem emerges and the political climate is ripe for certain policy preference a widens False Participatory 10 The Revised Garbage Can style of decision making assumes that a diverse group of individuals will act in consultative capacity interest groups captive organization Falso Contrary to 11 The Participatory model is advantageous insofar as provide decision makers with a wealth of information 12 Organizations that are said to be more inclined to underemphasize organizational values and goals and overemphasize the values and goals of clientele groups are 13 Consistent with European oligarchies the American system of government was founded on the principle of popular sovereignty the embodiment of which is the right to participate in the electoral process True 14 In contrast to participatory decision making and pluralism elite theory assumes that a selected few are afforded the privilege of making decisions knowledge level education or status within an public organization 15 From a decision making perspective being one of the elite may center on an individual s microeconomics 16 Public choice theory is a school of thought derived from False efficiency 17 Public choice theorists underscore the importance of social equity efficiency 18 Public choice theorists underscore the importance of power and cohesiveness 19 The primary goal of groupthink styled decision making group is to maintain False extreme conformity that gets in the way of any critical analysis 20 Groupthink is characterized by freewheeling something often observed and encouraged in brainstorming extreme conformity that gets in the way of any critical analysis 21 Group think is characterized by directive leadership group homogeneity in terms of ideals and background and isolation from outside influences 22 The circumstances under which groupthink occurs tend to coincide with the options listed below EXCEPT a diverse group of individuals will act in a consultative capacity 23 Participatory decision making assumes a select few are afforded the privilege of making decisions 24 Elite theory assumes intra organizational coalitions compete for influence 25 The political decision making model assumes microeconomics 26 Public choice theory is derived from self interest determines how decisions are made bureaucrats will make decisions that minimize risks and maximize rewards 27 Public choice theory assumes that perpetuates and condones the status quo allows failing agencies and program to continue and even spread 28 Fundamental change is difficult to achieve via incrementalism because it directive leadership group homogeneity in terms of ideals and background and isolation from outside influences 29 Which of the following is NOT one of the circumstances which tends to encourage groupthink group loyalty is paramount and dissent or criticism undermines loyalty 30 Rationalization is a symptom of groupthink because leader avoiding stating preferences leader designating devil s advocate outside experts as devil s advocate anonymity culture in which debate creativity and critical analysis are encouraged 31 Which of the following are NOT means of helping to avoid groupthink True True 32 Taking risks is central to creative decision making 33 Effective brainstorming entails quantity over quality False policy not public 34 In the revised garbage can model the problem political and public streams steer the decision making process False pinpointing the problem 35 The first step of decision making is setting an objective False switch must and want 36 To remain in the running a course of action should meet some of the must objective and it should meet all of the want objectives True If so what was done and what was the outcome Has a related problem occurred I so what elements were similar How were they handled and to what effect 37 When formulating alternative courses of action a decision maker should ask whether the problem has existed before responsible professional and efficient 38 Wilson champions that Public Administration must emerge as a profession that is all of the below EXCEPT False political 39 Consistent with the notions of nineteenth century reformers like Wilson and Goodnow twentieth century analysts acknowledged the reality that appointed administrative officials function in an apolitical environment True 40 The assumption that politics and administration could be separated was ultimately disregarded as utopian interest groups legislators media groups and rank and file citizens 41 Since they are endowed with great discretion public administrators fall victim to policy preferences from all sorts of stakeholders most notably budgets 42 Massively dense documents filled with calculations and figures are False rational comprehensive school 43 According to the incremental approach the best decisions are logical that is decision makers try to meticulously account for every possible consequence involved in choosing one course of action over another False incrementalist school budget True True 44 The rational comprehensive school of decision making argues that pressures resulting from crises and deadlines limit the amount of time available for detailed analysis 45 The reflects the successes and failures of the various contenders agencies and departments fighting to avoid budget cuts through their relationships with powerful people and elected officials 46 Through their exercise of wide discretion street level bureaucrats
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