PAD3003-04 Final exam (4/23 5:30~7:30 pm. HCB 216) study guide*10 True/False and 20 Multiple choice questions.Week8 Slide Intergovernmental Relations and Policies and Policy Types- The order of succession of governments in the us is:o Constitution itselfo National governmento State governmentso Counties and parisheso Municipalities - Difference between Layer Cake and Marble Cakeo Dual or “layer cake” - federalism represents government as layers that are separate and distinct from one another o Marble cake – intergovernmental interaction and cooperation on many policies, government as intertwined- Picket Fence Federalism o Intergovernmental admin relationships among bureaucratic specialists and their clientele groups in the same substantive areaso “Vertical function autocracies” exercise considerable power over intergovernmental programs - Contemporary Federalism is leading to…?o Devolution – process of transferring governmental authority from national governmentsto state and local governments Eliminates “one-size-fits-all” programs- Intergovernmental Relations IGRo Defined as all the activities and interactions occurring between or among governmental units of all types and levels within the US federal systemo Characterized by Functional alliances Struggle for control of functional alliances Forces for centralization against forces for decentralization - “Fiscal Mismatch” is a weak economic bases from which to generate revenue, definition:o Differences in the capacities of various governments to raise revenues, in relation to those governments’ respective abilities to pay for public services they are responsible for delivering - Grants – in –Aid!o Purposes of national grants in aid: Establish minimum nationwide standards for programs Equalize resources among states Improve state and local program delivery Increase public services without enlarging scope of national governmento Advantages in grant in aid programs: Increases degree of concerted action on policy problems Allows minorities in states and localities to opportunities for national support for their policy preferences Useful for addressing nationwide problems Create positive externalities on a broader level - Why doesn’t congress draft and apply the ruleo Delegation of drafting of rules to agencies - Policies and Policy Types o Elements of policy Policy purpose Policy tools Policy target group Policy outcome- Order of the policy stages o Policy Agenda o Policy Making Rational model Incremental model Garbage can modelo Policy Implementation o Policy Evaluation Generates feedback- Policy Typologyo Distributive: Subsidieso Redistributive Medicaid/Medicareo Regulatory Law enforcement, business and environmental regulationWeek10 slide Public Performance- Performance Management -o Results – driven decision* making that attempts to link goal achievement with budgetary allocation - Productivity -o Measurable relationship between results produced and the resources required for production Measures of productivity in the public sector not as simple as those in the private sector- Public Participation - o Performance reporting can influence the citizenry to care more about public workers’ efforts to improve service delivery - Types of performance indicatorso Input indicatorso Output indicatorso Outcome indicatorso Efficiency indicators- Managerialism - o Entrepreneurial approach to the public sector that emphasizes management methods ofthe private sector Professional management Managing by results Value for money- Public choice economics -o Public administration based on microeconomics theories that view the citizens as a consumer of government goods and services- 6 Major Tenetso Productivity – how govt can do more with lesso Marketizationo Service orientation – to connect govt with citizens and improve customer satisfaction with public serviceso Decentralizationo Policy – seek to improve govt capacities to create, to implement, and to administer public policyo Accountability – effort to make govt deliver on what it promises- Improving performance accountability through entrepreneurialism are not likely to motivate public officials because poor performance leads to layoff regardless of their entrepreneurial efforts- Demings 14 Tenets summed up includeo All employees be aware about their missiono Constantly improve the production systemo Use teams to pursue optimal achievement of company goals- Reinventing government (REGO) movement affected NPR…the strategieso Catalytic govt – “steer rather than row”o Community owned govto Competitive govto Mission driven govto Results oriented o Customer driven govto Enterprising govto Anticipatory govto Decentralized govto Market oriented govt - Catalytic governmento “Steer rather than row” Giving directions to the other entities Rowing - delivering public services directly Steering - giving directions- Cut Red Tape - o Streamline the budget making processo Decentralize personnel policyo Streamline procuremento Reorient the inspectors’ generalo Eliminate regulatory overkillo Empower state and local governments- Bush administration=promote strategic management, business like government Week 11 slide Program Evaluation- Surveys Measure… Why use surveys?o Physical limitationso Cost limitationso Time limitationso Confirmation - Advantages of written surveyso Cost-competitiveness o Easy administrationo Privacy protectiono Practicality in analysis o Convenience in respondents - Disadvantages of surveyso Limitations of incorporating the respondents’ answerso Uncertainty in collection amount and timeo Biased results from participation of certain groups of respondents o Need sufficiently large number of surveys to make actual generalizationo Complexity in designing objective survey questions- Assessment of Program Theory and what it refers to…o Refers to the conceptual design of a program How it is supposed to operate in a perfect world - Types of Program Evaluationso Assessment of program processo Program impact assessmento Program efficiency assessment- Ethical concerns protecting the subjects from harm…o Obtain informed consento Inform that participation is completely voluntaryo Keep confidentially Week 12 slide Public Budgeting- Budgetary decision making reflects’ society’s clashing valueso Revenue and
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