Dye's Competitive Federalism, Public v. Private Competitions, Public vs. Public Competitionthe customer is paramount, continuous improvement, top management commitment and leadership significant improvements in organization performance, "balanced" methodology for assessing the effectiveness with which the organization fulfills its vision and strategy survey, in-depth interview, focus group, field observation, experimentation, existing dataImpersonal and structured, over-interpretation, time-consuming, low response rates, distrotionthe establishment of performance levels and the collection of information that tells whether those performance levels have been met1. According to the Revised Garbage Can Model, the decision-making process is: - Chaotic2. According to the Revised Garbage Can Model the decision-making process can be understood in the context of: - Three separate “streams” that operate independently- The problem, political, policy streams 3. The three streams of the revised garbage can model of decision-making operate interdependently - False4. The three streams of the revised garbage can model of decision-making are separate and operate independently - True5. The ____________ stream refers to an understanding of “how and why one set of problems rather than another comes to occupy officials’ attention.” - Problem6. The ____________ stream represents the pulse of the nation as conveyed through public and special interest campaigns - Political7. The _______ stream is where administrators, technocrats, researchers, and political staffers formulate policy proposals - Policy8. Policy advocates increase their chances of influencing the agenda-setting process given the convergence of- The problem, political, and policy streams9. When a problem emerges and the political climate is ripe for certain policy preference a__________ widens - Window10. The Revised Garbage Can style of decision making assumes that a diverse group of individuals will act in consultative capacity - False – Participatory Model11. The Participatory model is advantageous insofar as _____________ provide decision makers with a wealth of information - True12. Organizations that are said to be more inclined to underemphasize organizational values and goals and overemphasize the values and goals of clientele groups are: - Captive13. Consistent with European oligarchies, the American system of government was founded on the principle of popular sovereignty, the embodiment of which is the right to participate in the electoral process. - True14. In contrast to participatory decision making and pluralism, elite theory assumes that a selected few are afforded the privilege of making decisions - True15. From a decision-making perspective, being one of the elite may center on an individual’s: - Knowledge, education, status 16. Public choice theory is a school of thought derived from: - microeconomics17. Public choice theorists underscore the importance of social equity - False18. Public choice theorists underscore the importance of- Efficency19. The primary goal of groupthink-styled decision-making group is to maintain: - Power and cohesive groups20. Groupthink is characterized by freewheeling (something often observed and encouraged in brainstorming) - False21. Group think is characterized by: - Extreme conformity that gets in the way of any critical analysis22. The circumstances under which groupthink occurs tend to coincide with the options listed below...EXCEPT: - It coincides with directive leadership, group homogeneity in terms of ideals and background, and isolation from outside influences23. Participatory decision making assumes: - A diverse group of individuals will act in consultative capacity24. Elite theory assumes: - A selected few are afforded the privilege of making decisions25. The political decision-making model assumes: - Intra-organizational coalitions compete for influence26. Public choice theory is derived from: - microeconomics27. Public choice theory assumes that: - Self interest determines how decisions are made28. Fundamental change is difficult to achieve via incrementalism because it: - True ; it allows failing governments agencies and programs to continue and expand29. Which of the following is NOT one of the circumstances which tends to encouragegroupthink: - It occurs during with directive leadership, group homogeneity in terms of ideals and background, and isolation from outside influences30. Rationalization is a symptom of groupthink because: - True; the shared rationalizations are used to dismiss warning signs of potential dangers ofgroupthink 31. Which of the following are NOT means of helping to avoid groupthink? - Means to avoid group think: o Leader of group should avoid stating his or her preferenceo Leader should designate a member of the group to serve as the devils advocateo Outside experts can be used as devils advocateo Anonymity fosters truthfulnesso Leader has to create an environment where debate, critical analysis and creativity are encouraged32. Taking risks is central to creative decision making. - True33. Effective brainstorming entails quantity over quality. - True34. In the revised garbage can model, the problem, political, and public streams steer the decision making process. - False; problem, political, policy35. The first step of decision making is setting an objective. - False; pinpointing the problem36. To remain in the running, a course of action should meet some of the “must” objective and it should meet all of the “want” objectives. - False 37. When formulating alternative courses of action, a decision maker should ask whether the problem has existed before…,- True38. Wilson champions that Public Administration must emerge as a profession that is all of the below, EXCEPT: - True; there are no options39. Consistent with the notions of nineteenth-century reformers like Wilson and Goodnow, twentieth-century analysts acknowledged the reality that appointed administrative officials function in an apolitical environment.- False; they often take lead in making policy , while lower-level public officals often interpret policy40. The assumption that politics and administration could be separated was ultimately disregarded as utopian - True41. Since they are endowed with great discretion, public administrators fall victim to policy preferences from all sorts of stakeholders, most notably: - Interest groups, legislators, media groups, and
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