Exam 2 I Early Rock n Roll The Next Generation A Elvis Presley and roll 2 Sun Records vs RCA Victor Records a Sun Records developed a member of a trio b RCA Victor Records sole act 1 Rockabilly blend of country and western with R B led to development of classic rock i Became mainstream performer w out ruining appeal to young audiences achieved by TV and film appearances plus pop friendly sound 3 Don t Be Cruel a Twelve bar blues b Vocals include striking regional accent and hiccupping effect c Incorporates a strong backbeat from western swing and uses electronic reverb to replicate slapback echoing sound d Jordanaires oohs and ahhs in the background provide pop sweetening B Ritchie Valens 1 La Bamba II Early 1960s Early Soul A Sam Cooke a Adaptation of a Mexican folk song from the genre son jarocho Valens s recording is more simple and spare than traditional interpretations b Valens s recording is notable for unique timbres including the fuzzy sound of the Gibson Super 400 hollow bodied guitar 1 Began career in gospel group the Soul Stirrers 2 Cool smooth vocal approach of crooners 3 Tension between gospel fan base and his secular song output 4 Political involvement black power movement 5 Major influence on rock singers 6 Change is Gonna Come i adopted as civil rights anthem ii inspired by bob Dylan blowin in the wind iii code switching change in performance style between shows w white and black audience 7 You Send Me iv sentimental tin pan alley style v aaba form subdued rhythm lush vocal background vi vocal style crooning w hint of gospel melismas B Ray Charles 1 blind at 7 2 3 influenced by gospel and preaching skilled singer keyboarder and songwriter 4 mastered crossover hits covered a lot of country songs 5 major influence on soul 6 Georgia on My Mind i Tin pan alley pop C Motown Records a Berry Gordy founder in 1959 a b 2 General music characteristics Hit factory songwriting producing marketing organization c Sought out the widest possible audience of mainstream d black music aimed at mainstream without selling out e Avoided direct evocations of blues and earlier African American popular styles Exam 2 Page 2 of 7 i Little use of 12 bar blues 3 My Girl The Temptations f Romantic song g Verse chorus form h Initial bass and guitar hook i j Layering of sound to evoke rising passion Instrumental interlude before 3rd verse III Stax Records A Music description a Integrated soul house band Booker T the MGs b Motown vs Stax a Motown mainstream Sound of Young America b Stax down home southern R B audience Sound of Black America B James Brown a Godfather of Soul b Profound influence on funk hip hop and all of pop c Headstrong uncompromising d maximalist emotion minimalist grooves a Repitions of single words b Hypnotic syncopated syllables c Eschewed chords for rhythm and timre d Secular preaching e Left structure of 50s R B behind a Static harmony b Rhythm and timbre c Limited vocal melody Exam 2 Page 3 of 7 f First hit Please Please Please 1956 IV The British Invasion b time of soleminity post JFK assassination the nation needed a pick me up A The Beatles a Success a Represented the first time extreme adulation was bestowed on nonnative rock musicians i American music had been exported abroad for decades ii First time of significant reciprocity b Displayed themselves not as professional colleagues but just friends who happened to make music together i Ability for fans to identify with them as peers or friends as alternative to parental older more conservative voices ii Rock went from being music for middle class youth to being performed by middle class youth c First Rock N Roll Group i Back Up musicians were not interchangeable ii Allowed fans to identify with specific members of the group iii Every member sang played at least one instrument and wrote songs 2 Distingushed Songwriting d Overall merging of writing playing and singing e Aligned with Rock N Roll tradition rather than Brill Building TPA approach f Identified as songwriters and prioritized their publishing rights i Instead of selling their publishing rights to a record company they created their own company Northern Lights Ltd ii Self Contained autonomous musical unit iii Text painting musical technique of writing music that reflects the literal meaning of a song For example ascending scales would accompany lyrics about going up slow dark music would accompany lyrics about death Exam 2 Page 4 of 7 3 Please Please Me g Beatles first Top 10 hit in the U K i Wasn t successful in the U S at first later was made popular alongside I Wanna Hold Your Hand h Straightforward up tempo love song i Short crisp efficient only 2 minutes long j AABA form 4 Eleanor Rigsby shows its impact b Unconventional 5 Yesterday e AABA form a Not really the smash hit but the fact that it was on the B side of a novelty record c verse chorus form suggests the influence of folk ballads d Philosophical look at loneliness from a philosophical even spiritual perspective rather than a romantic one f Distinctive and expressive melody g Greater range of chords than typical of rock more than the 3 or 12 bar blues h Solo voice throughout Mccartney sings in crooning style i Theme from broken romance clear feelings yet vague situation makes it 1 College aged listeners drawn to social awareness and maturity of folk music 2 Identification with minority groups poor oppressed peoples applicable to anyone V Bob Dylan A role in the urban folk music movement B Distinctiveness as an artist 1 Originality and intensity of songwriting 2 Gift for poetry Exam 2 Page 5 of 7 3 Frequently covered by other performers 4 hard rambling persona based on Woodie Guthrie 5 Aggressive rough style of performance 6 Incorporated used traditional songs and original material 7 Approachable and accessible by fans in Greenwich Village in NYC C Controversy going electric 1 Inspired by Animals cover of House of the Rising Sun 2 Appeared with band backing him and electric guitar i Booed off stage D Like a Rolling Stone 1 Dense sound with organ and piano density of lyrics 2 About a young woman s fall from privilege 3 Surreal images poetic language metaphors blunt realism 4 Variable strophic form 5 Long strophes with variable lengths 6 Unprecedented recording length 6 00 minutes VI Late 1960s counterculture 1 San Francisco a Haight Ashbury neighborhood center of psychedelic rock scene 2 Encompassed wide range of musical styles 3 Folk rock blues Latin music Indian Classical music A Woodstock August
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