EXAM 5 STUDY GUIDE Chapter 12 o Abnormal How to classify a behavior as abnormal whether culture should be considered A behavior must be maladaptive and consistent with other criteria What DSM stands for is used for o Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders o Criteria used to classify and diagnose mental disorders The 5 perspectives biological biopsychosocial psychodynamic learning cognitive o Biological Heredity or physiology o Biopsychosocial Combination o Psychodynamic Unconscious conflicts symptoms learned o Learning o Cognitive Negative views What cognitive therapy entails o Change fault irrational and or negative thinking o Change patterns of thinking o Beck s cognitive therapy o Rational emotive therapy What a panic attack is o An episode of overwhelming anxiety fear or terror Social phobia performance anxiety o An irrational fear and avoidance of any social or performance situation in which one might embarrass or humiliate oneself in front of others by appearing clumsy foolish or incompetent How obsessions vs compulsions are defined o Obsession A persistent involuntary thought image or impulse that invades consciousness and causes great distress A persistent irresistible and irrational urge to perform an act or ritual o Compulsions repeatedly The biological explanation of mood disorders imbalance of brain chemicals o Abnormal patterns of brain activity sereotonin levels out of whack also despressive people have different production transport and reuptake patterns for dopamine GABA and norepinephrine The symptoms of major depressive disorder o Sadness o Worthlessness o Lose interest o Trouble concentrating Which age gender has the highest suicide rate o White males ages 85 and older What schizophrenia involves o Disordered split thoughts and communication inappropriate emotions Positive vs negative symptoms of schizophrenia o Positive o Negative Hallucinations Delusion Disorganized speech thought and behavior Lack of emotional response Limited speech Apathy Medications to treat schizophrenia the neurotransmitter they act on o They act on dopamine o Some medications used to treat schizophrenia are antipsychotics How somatic disorders are defined o Physical disorder of psychological origin la belle indifference o Many people seem to enjoy the attention sympathy and concern that their disability brings them The 3 kinds of dissociative disorders amnesia fugue DID o Amnesia Loss of memory for past events without organic cause Complete or partial loss of the ability to recall personal information or identify past experiences o Fugue flight leaves home and assumes a new identity Complete loss of memory of one s entire identity travels away from home and may assume a new identity Rare o DID What paraphilias are Multiple personalities in the same person Extremely rare Two or more distinct unique personalities occur in the same person and there is severe memory disruption concerning personal information about the other personalities o Involve the use of unconventional sex objects or situations o A paraphillic disorder is when recurrent fantasies involve nonhuman objects children or other nonconsenting persons The main categories of sexual dysfunctions o Persistent recurrent and distressing problems involving sexual desire arousal or the pleasure associated with sex and orgasm o Sexual desire disorder No motivation o Sexual arousal disorder Body doesn t cooperate with desire o Orgasm and sexual pain disorder No orgasm or too soon or too late or painful How personality disorders are defined o A long standing inflexible maladaptive pattern of behaving and relating to others which usually begins in early childhood adolescence Personality disorders paranoid schizotypal borderline antisocial o Paranoid o Schizotypal o Borderline o Antisocial Individual is highly suspicious untrusting guarded hypersensitive easily slighted and lacking in emotion holds grudges Individual dressed in extremely unusually ways lacks social skills may have odd ideas resembling the delusions of schizophrenia Individual is unstable in mood behavior self image and social relationships has intense fear of abandonment exhibits impulsive and reckless behavior inappropriate anger makes suicidal gestures and performs self mutilating acts Individual disregards rights and feelings of others is manipulative impulsive Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder o Frequent and intense temper tantrums o A disorder in which children are highly irritable and have frequent outbursts of temper that interfere with social and academic functioning Autism spectrum disorder relationships o A disorder in which a child lacks the ability to establish and maintain social o May have limited language skills and interests o Some have normal language and cognitive skills but same inability to understand thoughts and feelings of others ADHD why it is often diagnosed when children enter school o A disorder characterized by inattention and difficulty completing tasks o Diagnosed in schools because it is the first time they have to do a complete task not on their own schedule Chapter 13 What psychodynamic therapies attempt to do o Psychotherapies that attempt to uncover repressed childhood experiences that are thought to explain a patients current difficulties Techniques used in psychodynamic therapy free association dream analysis o Free association o Dream analysis A psychoanalytic technique used to explore the unconscious by having patients reveal whatever thoughts feelings or images come to mind Write down their dreams directly after they occur and the therapist Carl Rogers person centered therapy analyzes them Gestalt therapy o A nondirective humanistic therapy developed by Rogers in which the therapist creates an accepting climate and shows empathy freeing clients to be themselves and releasing their natural tendency toward self actualization o Emphasizes the importance of the importance of clients fully experiencing in the present moment their feelings thoughts and actions and then taking responsibility o Get in touch with your feelings o Directive How relationship therapies are defined o Therapies that attempt to improve clients interpersonal relationships or create new relationships to support clients efforts to address psychological problems What family therapy entails o Change all to benefit family unity o The goal of helping family members reach agreement on changes that will help heal the family unit improve communication