PSY 101 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last LectureI. Specialty Areas of PsychologyII. How are Theories Evaluated?III. What does Critical Thinking Involve?IV. Descriptive Research MethodsOutline of Current LectureI. The Correlation MethodII. Experimental MethodLimitations of ExperimentsIII. Double- BlindIV. Quasi- ExperimentParticipant Related ViolenceV. Subject’s RightsCurrent LectureI. The Correlation Method A. Non experimental, therefore cannot determine cause/ effect relationship B. Coefficient indicates strength and direction of relationship between two variables C. Correlation method is good for topics that cannot be manipulated D. Positive coefficients have a + in front of them and negative coefficients have a – in front of them. E. Range for correlation coefficient: -1 to +1 F. Advantage of Correlation Method- can be used for impossible situations or unethical studies G. Disadvantage- Cannot determine the causation of the results or correlation. It could come from one of the variables, both, or a third party and cannot be determined just by the correlation method and graph itselfII. Experimental MethodA. Individual variables are manipulatedB. Dependent variables are measured after the manipulated (independent) variableC. Compares the treatment group to the controlled variable III. Limitations of Experiments A. Selection bias (from non- random selection)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.B. Placebo effect (what the participator expects) *Single- Blind procedure eliminates this (which is when the person does not know if they are in the control or placebo group)*C. Experimenter bias (Clever Hans is a great example of this) IV. Double- Blind: when neither the subject nor the experimenter knows the condition to which the subject has been assigned.V. Quasi- Experiment: when random assignment is not possible.VI. Participant Related ViolenceA. Subjects are not representative of populationB. Be aware of subjects age, race, SES, and educational levelVII. Subject’s RightsA. Experiments must be legalB. Must have informed consentC. Protect basic human rightsD. Institution must approve any research doneE. No coercionF. Subjects must be able to get the results of the experimentG. Debriefing availableH. For animals, all must have ethical