PSYCH 110 1st Edition Lecture 6Outline of Last Lecture I. Two more brain structures II. Human brain III. Frontal (largest) lobe IV. Parietal (touch) V. Occipital (sight) VI. Temporal lobeOutline of Current Lecture I. Brain differences II. How does gender affect brain lateralization? III. Endocrine systemIV. Behavioral geneticsV. Chapter 4- states of consciousnessVI. Altered states of consciousnessVII. How does the internal clock get reset?VIII. Larks vs. Owls?IX. We do we need sleep?X. EEG’s reveal 2 major types of sleep: XI. Brain wavesXII. Stages of sleepThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Current LectureI. Brain differences: A. Age changes: - Synaptogenesis and pruning - Myelination - Hemispheric specialization - Plasticity (experience change in the brainII. How does gender affect brain lateralization? A. men have more “white matter” than womenB. men have more differences between the two hemispheres (white/ grey ratio)III. Endocrine system:A. PituitaryB. pineal- light vs. dark and regulates melatoninC. thyroid- metabolismD. parathyroid- mineral absorptionE. thymus- immune systemF. pancreas- insulinG. adrenals- sympathetic nervous system arousal and produces small amounts of sex hormonesH. gonads- major source of sex hormonesIV. Behavioral genetics: A. genotype (genes) vs. phenotype (traits) B. dominant- recessive pattern C. polygenetic inheritance= multifactorialV. Chapter 4- states of consciousness:A. Consciousness- awareness of thoughts, feelings, and external environment at any given time . VI. Altered states of consciousness: altered states of consciousness are a universal goal of many cultures and societies (both primitive and modern).A. sleepB. meditationC. hypnosisE. drugsVII. How does the internal clock get reset?A. environmental cues reset us every day (the best cue is light)B. to reduce jet lag: get a five hour dose of bright sunlight and fly west if possibleC. for shift changes, it better to rotate them forwardD. students: don’t cram (not worth sleep loss)E. Alzheimer’s patients have CR disturbancesVIII. Larks vs. Owls?A. Larks: a person who awakens early every morning. Body temperature of a lark rises very quickly after waking up. Body temperature will fall earlier than an owl’s.B. Owls: Harder to get out of bed, body temperature rises slower than a lark, and stays higher until later.***There is a correlation between body temperature and sleep; the more tired you are and the more your body wants to sleep, the cooler your body temperature will be. IX. We do we need sleep?A. Restorative theory= chemical synthesis and cell repairB. circadian (adaptive, evolutionary) theory= sleep evolved to keep us quiet at nightC. Sleepiness is determined by time of day and how long it has been since you have sleptX. EEG’s reveal 2 major types of sleep:A. NREM (four stages) = slowing, relaxationB. REM= resembles a waking stateXI. Brain waves:A. awake and alert: beta wavesB. Quiet resting state: alpha wavesC. Deeper sleep- delta wavesXII. Stages of sleep:A. (1) Slow, low voltage EEG, relaxingB. (2) further slowing and relaxingC. (3) Slow, high voltage, delta wavesD. (4) More than 50% delta