Study Guide for Exam One PAD3003 Week One 1 What does PODSCORB stand for Planning Organizing Directing Staffing Coordinating Reporting Budgeting 2 What level of government has the largest share of total government expenditures Federal Government with 2730 billion or 63 3 What does administrate mean to serve to minister to furnish a benefit to manage affairs for others 4 Who articulated the politics administration dichotomy What is the distinction between the two Woodrow Wilson s The Study of Administration 1887 first articulated the politics administration dichotomy Goodnow 1900 concurred politics has to do with policies or expressions of the state will Administration has to do with the execution of these policies 5 What are the three roles public administrators serve Political According to David Rosenbloom 1993 public administrators serve three roles an executive function which focuses on implementation and a legislative function which focuses on representativeness Managerial efficiency responsiveness accountability and effectiveness a judicial function which focuses on applying and enforcing the law adjudicating disputes protecting rights following procedures and ensuring equity Legal 6 Describe four topics that public management focuses on Performance Measurement Strategy Communication Information systems Marketization and Customer focus 7 What does GDP stand for What percentage of America s GDP is government spending All Government spends about 32 of Gross Domestic Product GDP 8 What are the two largest federal agencies Federal Payments for Individuals Social Security and Medicaid and Defense 9 Has total government employment remained stable decreased or increased since 1980 Since 1980 total government employment has stayed steady at about 17 of total 10 What percent of the federal budget do defense social security and Medicare spending International U S workforce make up 60 About 60 percent of all government expenditures 11 Does the federal government or state and local governments together have more State and local governments employed about 19 million people in 2007 or 14 of employees 5 mil vs 19 mil the total U S workforce Chapter 2 Organizational Theory 1 The growth of bureaucracy can be explained by all the following except Jurisdictional boundaries Hierarchy Reliance on written documents Expertly trained managers and the management of the organization subscribes to general rules pg 29 2 The academic who criticized early principles of administration as simply unproven proverbs of administration was Herbert Simon Nobel prize winning Economist called PODSCORB and other principles Proverbs meaning they did not have empirical verification but were just good advice 3 Principal Agency theory is a theory that emphasizes Principals and agents may have different interests how does the principal keep the agent working to carry out the principal s interests Monetary compensation to achieve specific goals based on belief that people are most likely to respond with hard work and following orders if they get higher pay Oversight mechanisms and information reports to require the agent to regularly report what activities and results are occurring 4 Define the fact value dichotomy and what it means in the study of organizations Herbert Simon argued that the study of PA should be based on empirical data and research and argued for a fact value dichotomy in which research would be concerned with the facts of how administration worked and not values of democracy and ethics 5 What are key differences between organic and mechanistic systems or organizations Organic systems Mechanistic systems Weberian and suited for stable environments efficiently repeat procedures and have clearly defined responsibilities and clear chain of command decision making suited for environmental change and are more flexible emphasize innovation and adaptability often work with other partners through networks of program delivery and implementation decisions are made on the basis of knowledge and expertise rather than solely on hierarchical position 6 In the Hawthorne studies researchers discovered that 1 Workers worked harder and productivity increased if they were under observation 2 Informal group norms such as what a reasonable day s work was among the small teams were very powerful in how hard workers worked 7 A management and organizational theory that emphasizes people want to work are not lazy and do not need constant supervision is Theory Y 8 Organizational culture can best be described by the following phrases Behavioral regularities when people interact Group norms and values A guiding mission and formal rules that dictate what is and is not appropriate behavior Climate and environment and Shared skills and modes of thinking 9 All of the following are part of Weber s model of bureaucracy except for which one Division of Labor Functional Specialization Vertical Hierarchy Formal Rules and Procedures Maintenance of Records and Files Emphasis on Neutral Administration and Professionalism 10 If you were studying organization theories that emphasize that workers are motivated and Theory Y enjoy work for its intrinsic value not just the extrinsic rewards you would be studying organizational theories related to which of the following fields of organizational study People enjoy work and responsibility and can be trusted to work hard and address problems they are self directed and prefer not to be micromanaged they respond to challenges to be creative and achieve they are only partially motivated by monetary rewards 11 The modern theory of organization which contrasts sharply with Weber s view of a self contained bureaucratic structure is Systems Theory 12 Why does bureaucracy develop red tape 13 In bureaucracy unity of command refers to A worker should answer to one superior and only one superior to avoid conflicting lines of command 14 What is an informal organization within an organization Informal organizations are cliques that are grounded in personal relationships pg 60 15 Describe three key aspects of the scientific management theory Adoption of laws and processes to be most efficient Understand the capabilities of workers Fusion of work processes and training and Equal division of responsibility between managers and workers 16 The human relations theory of organizational theory includes which experiments Hawthorne experiments 17 What are the five needs of human motivation that Abraham Maslow lays out Self
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