PAD3003 Midterm Exam Study Guide Quiz 1 2 Questions and Sessions 1 7 35 Questions 10 T F 25 Multiple Choice Quiz 1 True 1 T or F Public Administration is an extremely broad discipline 2 T or F Woodrow Wilson says we must study what government can do properly and successfully and how it can do these proper things with the utmost possible effectiveness True 3 T or F Wilson and Goodnow have NOT explained politics administration dichotomy discipline False 4 What is the job of the Executive Branch Carrying out laws 5 What is a public good among the below goods National Defense Non Rivalrous Non Excludable 6 These are street level bureaucrats EXCEPT 7 8 Legislators In the Cooper 2004 s article Big Question in Administrative Ethics he introduces five normative foundations What is NOT included in the five normative foundations Individualism IN the article Principles of Scientific Management 1916 Frederick Taylor emphasizes Efficiency 9 Hierarchy of ethics includes four levels of ethics from lower to higher level such as Personal morality professional ethics organizational ethics and social ethics 10 Bureaucracy values the group the hierarchy and top down decision making whereas democracy values individualism equality and pluralistic decision making 1 T or F Woodrow Wilson proclaims that administrative questions are Quiz 2 political questions False 2 T or F Street level bureaucrats rarely have power over the lives of ordinary 3 T or F Under the spoils system inefficiency was widespread profiteering citizens according to Lipskly 1980 False was common and scandals were recurrent True 4 Max Weber championed a bureaucratic model that uses these listed below to produce greater organizational output Hierarchy Technical expertise Centralized authority 5 POSDCORB stands for Planning Organizing Staffing Directing Coordinating Reporting and Budgeting 6 These are the characteristics of centralization EXCEPT Greater opportunity for employee client participation 7 The human relations theory focused on the Social and Psychological factors 8 These are the jobs of HR managers EXCEPT Monitoring and interpreting cash flows and predicting future trends Session 1 Historical Events in Public Administration Civil Service Reform Act why important Woodrow Wilson The Study of Administration Goodnow Politics and Administration Frederick Taylor Principles of Scientific Management Civil Service Reform Act transitioned from spoils system to a meritocracy Earning positions and promotions Spoil system inefficiency political corruption no relation between job and fitness of the candidate Civil service reform act important for state and local levels Wilson Goodnow Politics Administration Dichotomy Wilson the originator of the Politics Administration Dichotomy o The Study of Administration o Why did Wilson claim the dichotomy Toseparate PA from the contamination of spoils system in politics Goodnow Politics and Administration PA should be viewed differently from politics and based on a science of management on a science of management The expression of the will of the state v the execution of that will Frederick Taylor Science of management maximization of efficiency through studies of o Employee s times and motions o Standardization of tools o Task management and o Differential piece rate system Session 2 Cooper s Big Questions in Administrative Ethics 1 2 3 4 What are the normative foundations Whose ethics should we adopt How do American administrative ethical norms fit into a global context How can organizations be designed to support ethical conduct When should we treat people equally in order to treat them fairly and when should we treat them unequally 1 What are the normative foundations a Five alternatives i Regime values constitutional theory and founding thought 1 Our values are found in the U S constitution and the Court s interpretation of it 2 Main values include freedom equality and property 3 Implies that taking a job in government is an ethical decision we expect that government workers should uphold these values 1 Citizen s role in society provides the normative ii Citizenship theory foundation iii Social equity iv Virtue based ethics v The public interest Session 3 Session 4 Administrative discretion when public administrators face unanticipated circumstances and make value based judgments Lipsky street level bureaucrats have power over the lives of ordinary citizens Discretion and street level bureaucracy o Even low level officials have major discretion Why o Political leaders can t won t decide details and punt difficult choices to bureaucracy Iron triangle a closed mutually supportive policymaking relationship among the o Congressional committees bureaucracy and interest groups o Have check and balance relationship Organizational Theories emphasize the goals of management the needs of workers and the relationships of organizations to their environment Covered topics 1 Classical management 2 Neo Classical school 3 Human relations school 4 Modern organizational theory Classical School o Concerned with improving efficiency and productivity characterized by hierarchy specialization of labor monetary incentives and autocratic leadership o Advanced by Frederick Taylor most efficient process determined one Scientific Management best way Gulick and Urwick o POSDCORB planning organizing staffing directing coordinating reporting and budgeting Weberian Bureaucracy o Advanced by Max weber bureaucracy is ideal type of organization o Stringent hierarchal components machine like structure o Centralized authority o Control and empowerment at top of organization Design Issues Centralization and Decentralization Centralization an organizational pattern focused on concentrating power at the top of an organization o Accountability may be less complicated o Organizations may deviate less from top management goals Less flexibility and adaptability Decentralization an organizational pattern focused on distributing power broadly within an organization o As the scope and complexity of many organizations have increased it has become necessary to delegate considerable amounts of operating authority to line and lower level managers o Often results in greater complexity o Greater opportunity for employee client participation o Complicates accountability and monitoring Neoclassical School o Rejected the notion that the principles of management were scientific o Others stressed the important of democratic values informal
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