Early 1960s early soul Sam Cooke o Vocal Style Cool smooth vocal approach of crooners o A Change Is Gonna Come Adopted as anthem of civil rights movements Proceeded to Martin Luther King Jr o You Send Me AABA form Lush vocal background Subdued rhythm Ray Charles o Influenced by gospel and preaching tradition o Skilled singer keyboard player songwriter o Covered a lot of country songs o Controversy over vocalisms moans use of preaching techniques for songs evoking sex o Georgia On My Mind Tin Pan Alley Pop Tunes Chubby Checker s recording of The Twist o Rock n Roll dance craze o Important because it was the first time rock n roll had a social body language o After many 1960s songs were dance oriented Phil Spector o Major highlights Brill Building in NYC o Songwriters Motown Records Developed sound of female vocal groups Released few but highly successful records o Started by Berry Gordy in 1959 o Black owned business o Important because it sought out the widest possible audience not only African Americans o Avoided direct evocations of blues and earlier African American popular styles little use of 12 bar blues o The Funk Brothers In house recording band My Girl by the Temptations o Romantic song o Verse chorus form o Initial bass and guitar hook Stax Records o Founded in 1957 o down home southern r b audience sound of Black America James Brown o Godfather of Soul o Profound influence on funk hip hop and all of pop Points on changes in rock n roll Social developments in American society in the 1960s o The British Invasion Time of consolidation formalization and re evaluation for Attempt to re absorb into mainstream pop with traditional Tin rock n roll Pan Alley by Evolution of popular styles grounded in African American traditions Application of industrial mass production techniques Rise of regional variants Increasing influence of TV The Beatles o Aligned with rock n roll tradition rather than brill building tin pan alley approach o Self contained autonomous music unit o Please Please Me Beatles first top 10 hit in the U K AABA Form Short crisp efficient o Eleanor Rigby Bob Dylan Unconventional Philosophical look at loneliness from a philosophical even spiritual perspective o Yesterday Theme from broken romance Distinctive and expressive melody Greater range of chords than typical rock n roll Solo voice throughout o Established as singer songwriter in folk movement in NYC o Has a gift of poetry o Aggressive rough style of performance o Identification with minority groups poor oppressed peoples o When he went electric he was booed off stage people didn t like the change o Like a Rolling Stone Dense sound with organ and piano density of lyrics About young woman s fall from privilege Long strophes with variable lengths Late 1960s counterculture Carlos Santana o Influenced by jazz blues mambo rock o Fluid virtuosic guitar style o Oye Como Ya Electrified Cuban dance rhythm Flute solo and horn section replaced by electric guitar Fusion of r b and cha cha cha Jimmy Hendrix o Was considered a British invasion reverse because he became more famous in Britain then he did in the US and he became famous in Britain first before he did in the US Major characteristics of changes in American culture in the 1970s o Had a distinct guitar style o Star Spangled Banner at Woodstock political statement o Shifter towards materialism o Rock instead of Rock n Roll o Vietnam War Oil Crisis 1973 Economic Inflation President Nixon was president and Watergate occurred 1972 o Deaths of Jimmy Hendrix Janis Joplin and Jim Morris and The Beatles broke up Major changes to rock from the late 1960s to the 1970s o Favoring album format over hit singles o Developments of commercial FM radio rock stations o Wealth becomes equated with artistic success o Fragmentation of national popular music taste o Rock Culture 3 prominent expressions of 1970s rock culture Album art Merchandising Independent rock press Art Rock David Bowie Stadium rock o Rocks newly acquired status as high art o Most closely associated with Glam Rock Pioneer of the 1970s o Goal was to create an exciting audiovisual experience for huge crowds o Peter Frampton o Kiss Pink Floyd s album Dark Side of the Moon o Based on the madness and the things that drive us to do it time work money fear of death Marvin Gaye o Album What s Going On Theme social justice Combined gospel soul progressive rock o Influenced by urban blues San Fran psychedelic Jimmy Hendrix and Hard Rock Early Heavy Metal folk music Led Zeppelin o Stairway to Heaven Text references mythological beings Song construction created continual escalation in density volume and speed Complex enigmatic images of the album cover Required to purchase whole album Significance of the large stadium as a concert venue and it s influence on stadium rock o Known for circus like stage show which included costumes o Sold action figures costumes and comic books about the band Country Rock Southern Boogie o Similar to hard rock o Identified with the South o Blues and country o Loud machismo Allman Brothers o Statesboro Blues Lynyrd Skynyrd o Conflation of rock rebel with Southern rebel o Sweet Home Alabama o Response to Neil Young s criticism of American South The Eagles o California based country rock band o Hotel California Complex poet writing Produced elaborate sound evocative of late 1960 s recordings Loss and disillusionment Critique on consumerism
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