Psy 1010 Final Study Guide 1 Who was Freud Is probably the most famous early modern personality theorist What was he originally trained to be He practiced neurology but became interested in mental illness What were the three parts of the Freudian Psyche The Freudian Psyche 1 The Id Our base animalistic desires 2 The Superego Our conscious The rules imposed upon us by society 3 The ego The conscious mind The part of the mind that is consciously aware Negotiates between the id and ego Oral The mouth sucking swallowing etc Anal The Anus withholding or expelling feces Phallic The penis or clitoris masturbation Latent Little or no sexual motivation present Genital The penis or vagina sexual intercourse Freud believed that our personalities developed based on how well we navigated What did he think he part of the psyche does Freud believed in something called libidinal energy He also believed that at various stages of development pressure centers around different body parts each stage Neurosis developed because people don t successfully navigate a stage 2 Who were the three neo Freudians mentioned in class What are a couple of things they are each known for The Neo Freudians Carl Jung archetypes More influential in art and philosophy than psychology The Neo Freudians Alfred Adler inferiority complex The Neo Freudians Karen Horney social factors lead to sex differences Adler believed birth order affects personality He gave the world the idea of the She has influenced ideas on how parenting affects development and on how Carl Jung gave philosophy the idea of the collective unconscious and 3 What are traits Trait theory says that personality can be described as a series of traits A trait is a characteristic or quality used to describe someone What are the big five traits The Big Five model became popular in the 1980 s It takes the nomothetic approach and argues that people s personalities can be measured by looking at the five big umbrella traits The Big Five seems fairly successful in predicting behavior and other outcomes In addition other cultures seem to have five umbrella traits that are similar to the big five found in western samples Can you briefly describe each trait Openness Being curious original intellectual creative and open to new Conscientiousness Being organized systematic punctual achievement ideas oriented and dependable Extraversion Being outgoing talkative social and enjoying social situations Neuroticism Being anxious irritable temperamental and moody What are McAdam s five levels of personality 4 1 2 3 4 5 McAdam s Five Levels of Personality Variations within the human species Dispositional traits Characteristic adaptions Narrative Cultural Context Can you briefly describe each level Variations within a Species These are traits such as the Big Five This is the genetic component While all of the humanity is related we all This is where Mischel s concern about the situation comes into play We have genetically vary from each other The genetic variation allows for a diversity of personalities Dispositional traits Characteristic Adaptations goals feelings values strategies etc in response to situations What is your pattern of response to a situation context The Narrative update the story of our lives affects our personalities It can also affect our locus of control The Social Cultural Context People tend to think about their lives in narrative formats The way we frame and This is where social learning comes into play What are the values beliefs and behaviors taught to you by your social influences and the broader culture 5 According to the lecture about what proportion of Americans suffer from 6 mental illness at any given time Mental Illness Touches Everybody American adults suffered from some form of mental illness According to the National Institute of Mental Health in 2012 almost one in five Clinicians use a book called the DSM V in order to help make the judgment It is What is the DSM V Why does it exist The Diagnosis and Statistical Manual DSM based on over 60 years of research and it serves as a guide to diagnosing mental illnesses and recommending treatments The DSM is always somewhat controversial but it is still an important tool It lists behaviors and symptoms associated with illness and contains suggested criteria for a diagnosis 7 According to the lecture about what percentage of Americans have an anxiety disorder at some point in their lifetimes Approximately 31 of the people meet the diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders at some point in their lives 8 Briefly describe and name the symptoms of each of the following mental illnesses This is a state of anxiety that is not necessarily attached to a particular thing It s Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD a general sense of discomfort and people with this disorder spend about 3X as much time worrying as people without anxiety Panic Disorder symptoms These include dizziness heart palpitations trouble breathing chest pain sweating numbness tingling etc You often believe you are about to die Agoraphobia People who have panic attacks while in public often develop an irrational fear of going out because they are afraid the attack will happen again and that they won t be able to escape Panic attacks are brief periods of spiked anxiety associated with intense physical Social Phobia Phobias in general are intense fears of specific things or situations Many of these center around things like animals or clowns But they can get very strange Obsessive Compulsive Disorder misunderstood of the anxiety disorders Called OCD for short this is probably one of the most well know and widely OCD Obsessions OCD is characterized by obsessions and compulsions Obsessions are Obsessions can include irrational fears of doing bad things contamination repetitive thoughts which are disturbing for the sufferer illness engaging in undesired sexual acts But ODC sufferers don t want to do these things you don t get ill or harm yourself but feeling anxiety anyway In reality a hallmark of OCD is being aware your obsessions are irrational that OCD Compulsions Compulsions are repetitive behaviors that temporarily reduce anxiety They can range from repeated washing to repetitively touching an object Again OCD sufferers know it is irrational OCD and other Disorders OCD is usually comorbid with other disorders often Generalized Anxiety Hypochondria is an intense fear of physical illness It is associated with the Hypochondria is not associated with