Chapter 1 Psychology and Scientific Thinking What is science A use of systematic observation to gain knowledge which leads to testable hypotheses and theories Democratic everyone has an opinion about it Cumulative many works and studies are combined Is psychology a science Study of the mind brain and behavior the idea of happiness Levels Social feeling disconnected Behavioral difficulty initiating sleep waking up Mental anxiety Neurological Physiological differences Neurochemical chemical messages transmitted Molecular genetic predisposition to sleep Scientific Theory Explanations for larger number of findings in every day life Principles of scientific thinking Ruling out hypotheses more likely causes Correlation does not mean that its true one doesn t always cause the other Falsifiability excuses basically Can we do the experiment again and get the same results Extraordinary cases require extraordinary proof evidence Occam s Razor simple theory is true Biases in science and everyday life Conformation bias confirm belief Belief perseverance What is pseudoscience A set of claims that seem scientific but they actually are not ESP Mediums Astrology Patternicity when you tend to find meaningful patterns in random works Logical fallacies in everyday life Emotional reasoning experiences Bandwagon where you automatically agree Not Me Where we believe that we ourselves are immune from failure Origin story Founded in 1700 s by philosophers John Locke Hermon von Helmholtz Wilhelm Wundt E B Titchler William James John B Watson B F Skinner Ulric Neisser Sigmund Freud Modern psychology Clinical where someone will diagnose a condition Counseling individual or group sessions where the person will talk through situations to an observer to help solve problems Developmental where a researcher will look at the stages of life from infancy to death results and findings Experimental where research is completed in a lab setting to gather School where counseling in a school setting works for children to work out problems or talking Forensics in the legal system with people helping solve cases Biological studying the brain and its structure Industrial business setting of finding how people can get along and work together
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