QUIZ 2 STUDY GUIDE Bozeman stress idea about economic individualism motivated by economic Economic Individualism philosophy emphasizing in matters economic the values and interests of the individual 3 Principles of Economic Individualism 1 Human Centered not based on societal needs 2 Social Government institutions are used to satisfy 3 individuals needs Individuals is a supreme value and that all people have equal moral value Individualism term introduced by Alexis de Tocqueville Free Market the means and the ability to maximize freedom and efficiency with resources to obtain a share of society equal to what he or she contributes to it Public policies rooted in economic individualism are promoted with phrases such as progressivism public value or populism Otto von Bismarck 1st chancellor of German Pensions and medical care among programs Publicness The degree of political authority constraints and endowments affecting the institution Privateness The degree of market authority constraints and endowments affecting the institution Normative publicness The extent to which an organization holds public sector values Anderson 2007 Dewey 1927 public interest cannot be determined without discussion It is an ideal instead of a scientific term Public values A normative consensus about The rights benefits and prerogatives to which citizens should and shouldn t be entitled to The obligations of citizens to society the state and each other The principles that governments and policies should be based on Differs from economic value because economic value is based on the exchange value of goods and services based on socially accepted payments How are public values DIFFERENT from public goods A good is a service or commodity Public goods tend to be quantitatively measureable which is different than public values Public goods pertain to pricing efficiency which is a market issue PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC GOOD Public values do not explicitly lay out government responsibility Example of failure Proclamation of free government provided national health care that is not ever provided by government entities Diagnostic frameworks To guide managers in studying the settings that they work in and gauging the potential for effective action Interventions The work identifies ways that managers can take advantage of their settings to create public value Examples of Public Managers 1 Chief executives o Presidents governors mayors 2 Civil servants o City workers 3 Interest group leaders o Overseers lobbyists Where do you find Public Values Fundamental myths of a country Fundamental laws via Constituions Dicatatorships tyrannical governments are the exception Court opinons Annual speeches Academic literature from a country Graffiti took stage in the mid 1960 s in Philadelphia Pennsylvania The first writers of graffiti are known to be COOL EARL and CORNBREAD In order to gain attention from the local press and the community they wrote their names in every place of the city Gained steam significantly NYC in Washington Heights area of Manhattan in 1971 In 1980 s graffiti started to appear in galleries and exhibits through the country and world Graffiti can simultaneously serve as a public good through both its social commentary and artistry Graffiti like other art forms can reflect a population s views on current affairs and can offer symbols of struggles or achievements Banksy Street artist based in Bristol England Started in 1992 In 2014 the city of Rio legalized graffiti in publicly approved own spaces None of these are historical
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