Study Guide for Exam One PAD3003 05 Spring 2014 Chapter One and Week One Government Purpose and Accountability 1 What does PODSCORB stand for Defined by Luther Gulick Stands for Planning Organizing Directing Staffing Coordinating Recruiting and Budgeting 2 What level of government has the largest share of total government expenditures The Federal Government 3 What does administrare mean Administration from the Latin word administrare to serve to minister to furnish a benefit to manage affairs for others 4 Who articulated the politics administration dichotomy What is the distinction between the two Woodrow Wilson s The Study of Administration 1887 first articulated the politics administration dichotomy Goodnow 1900 concurred politics has to do with policies or expressions of the state will Administration has to do with the execution of these policies 5 What are the three roles public administrators serve According to David Rosenbloom 1993 public administrators serve three roles 2 Political a legislative function which focuses on representativeness an executive function which focuses on implementation and 1 Managerial efficiency responsiveness accountability and effectiveness a judicial function which focuses on applying and enforcing the law adjudicating disputes protecting rights following procedures and ensuring equity 3 Legal 6 Describe four topics that public management focuses on Public management focuses on a Performance b Measurement c Strategy d Communication e f Marketization g Customer focus 7 What does the IRS 501 c 3 status mean Information systems Provides nonprofit organizations with an exemption from paying federal income tax It also ensures that all individuals who make contributions to such organizations can deduct those donations from their own income PA 19 8 What does GDP stand for What percentage of America s GDP is government spending GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product all Government spends about 32 of GDP 9 What are the two largest federal agencies National Security and the U S Postal Service PA 13 10 Has total government employment remained stable decreased or increased since 1980 Consistent total government employment has stayed somewhat consistent on average since 1980 representing about 17 percent of the workforce with a high in 1980 of 18 4 percent 2007 16 percent PA 12 11 What percent of the federal budget do defense social security and Medicare spending make up 60 Figure 1 8 PA 10 Federal spending makes up about 65 of all government expenditures 12 Does the federal government or state and local governments together have more employees Federal gov as about 5 mil vs 19 mil of state and local gov 13 Five characteristics of bureaucracy are a Jurisdictional boundaraies which are typically prescribed by laws or administrative regulations b Hierarchy which ensures an ordered system where superiors monitor suborinates c Reliance on written documents or preservation of files d Expertly trained managers e The management of the organization subscribes to general rules which can be learned and applied uniformly more or less 14 Which of the following reason s explains why we have government a Provide public goods not supplied by the market i E g national defense criminal and civil justice protection of precious resources emergency response essential services to poor b Provide infrastructure to conduct business i Initial construction of roads and signage public transport utilities channels of communication c Set and enforce the rules of the game for the market require honest information to be provided to consumers restrict deception set common practices for businesses to follow d Soften negative externalities of unregulated capitalism i Address social problems and inequities e Minimize effects of business cycle swings Keynesian economics 15 What do organizational charts tell us Provide us visual aids that helps tell us the percentage relationship price etc of the variables indicated on the chart See diagrams in Ch 1 16 Why is accountability so important in a democracy Accountability is a political construction Behn claims that systems of accountability should not be set up to deter behavior they should be set up to provide incentives for desirable behavior PA 21 Chapter 2 Organizational Theory 1 The growth of bureaucracy can be explained by all the following Increasing public pressures from diverse interest and clientele groups a Growing technological complexity of government services b c Government responses to crises d Greater public acceptance of the need for economic and social regulation 2 The academic who criticized early principles of administration as simply unproven proverbs of administration was Herbert Simon s these principals are merely proverbs as they are not grounded in scientific research He believe that the classical management principals should be tested empirically embracing the quasi scientific methods of controlled experimentation and quantitative analysis 3 Principal Agency theory is a theory that emphasizes Deals with the inherent challenges of motivating workers and controlling cooperative action It holds that an organization s principals owners stockholders CEOs government agency heads desire some organizational achievement PA 77 4 Define the fact value dichotomy and what it means in the study of organizations Is based on the premise that management science inquiry be concerned only with facts PA 58 59 5 What are key differences between organic and mechanistic systems or organizations Mechanistic Stable workers roles and responsibilities are clearly defined communication is formal and top down the organizational structure is hierarchical and the decision making processes are authoritative Organic Changing worker roles and responsibilities are less clearly defined and more flexible Communication in informal and workers of different ranks exchange ideas through consultative networks Organizational structure is horizontal and decisions are made on the basis of knowledge and expertise as opposed to hierarchical position In the Hawthorne studies researchers discovered that Workers needs extend beyond economic considerations Organization are social institutions and the classical management theories proved inadequate for satisfactory explaining organizational dynamics PA 64 7 A management and organizational theory that emphasizes people want to work are not lazy and do not need constant supervision is Theory Y assumes individuals enjoy work
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