WCC Exam 1 Textbook Outline Chapter 1 outline book notes Payne 6 reasons why study WCC 1 Serious problem in our society costs are higher 2 WC affects everyone 3 Learn more about all types of crimes 4 Effective prevention and intervention systems and policies can be developed 5 Provides information about potential careers related to WCC 6 Insight into current culture and subculture WCC Research a On site 1 Surveys among the more common research strategies On site administration face to face telephone interviews and mail surveys The aim of surveys is to gather information from a group of individuals and use that information to paint a picture of the topic under consideration i Strengths survey occur in one setting large sample faster convenient ii Weakness difficult to give surveys to both victims and offenders no database for white collar offenders educational differences make it hard to generalize had for some to recall incidents gaining entrance and trust of victims is hard b Face to face interviews to develop i Strengths can watch respondents reactions probing is an option rapport is easier ii Weakness more time consuming more expensive difficulty finding participants and place to conduct interviews trust and rapport are important must gain access and permission of businesses c Telephone interviews i Strengths most comprehensive studies have been conducted using telephone interviews respondents seem more open to answering questions over the phone ii People without home phones are excluded from the surveys some do not answer the phone due to increase of telemarketing d Mail surveys i Strengths Less costly large group ii Weakness may not fully understand the questions no opportunity to develop rapport take time to develop a comprehensive list of residents certain subjects are e Across each type of survey a number of problems potentially call into question the validity excluded from mailing list and reliability of WCC surveys i The field of criminology has not yet developed comprehensive measures that tap into the concepts of white collar and street crime Make it difficult to generalize findings compare results cross cultural ii Difficulties developing representative samples are inherent within WCC studies iii Questions about white collar crime on surveys are potentially influenced by other items on the survey meaning the findings might actually reflect methodological influences as opposed to actual patterns iv Different types of WCC has made it difficult to conduct the studies 2 Archival research relatively common Studies that use some form of record or archive as a database in the study They include a official case records b c pre sentence reports developed by probation officers Media reports news articles press reports television depictions d Case descriptions of specific white collar offenses 3 Field research involves strategies where researchers enter a particular setting and gather data through observations in those settings Difficult to observe WCC its not as obvious a Sometimes they choose to say they are researching or choose to be anonymous b Quite time consuming conducted less frequently c Potential to offer valuable information 4 Experiments are studies where researchers examine how the presence of one variable produces and outcome a Classical experimental group 2 groups an experimental group and a control group Experimental group receive the IV or the treatment member of the control group do not Researcher conducts observations and determines whether the IV produced an observable or significant behavior or changes b Quasi experiment design studies that mimic experimental designs but lack certain elements of the classic experimental design They do not randomly select the comparison groups no manipulation of the independent variable 5 Case studies entail researcher selecting a particular crime criminal event or other phenomena and studying features surround the causes and consequences of those phenomena Sample size of 1 Scientific perspective on WCC 1 Principles as a framework for understanding why and how principles of science relate to WCC a Objectivity value free and unbiased b Parsimony researchers and scientist keep their levels of explanations as simple as possible c Determinism behavior is caused or influenced by preceding events or factors d Skepticism social scientist must question and re question their findings e Relativism all things are related Changes in one area will lead to changes in another area i How WCC is defined the nature of WCC and how the CJ system responds to WCC Systems perspective of WCC 1 John Van Gigch s applied general systems theory a Society is made up of different types of systems and that the systems operate independently and in conjunction with other systems i Political system local state federal ii Educational sometimes promotes some type of white collar offending iii Religious has a potential to prevent these behaviors iv social some individuals may learn to commit white collar offenses and why they commit those offenses as part of the social systems in which they exist v Social services includes numerous agencies involved in providing services to members of the public Sometimes they might be in direct response to white collar crime victimization vi Occupational where the bulk of professions are found Composed of other systems WCC are found in each of these systems lower class middle class upper class vii Economic influenced by on each of the other types of systems Problems in the economic systems have had a far reaching and serious effect on countries across the world Many WCC originate in the economic system viii Regulatory describe those local state and federal agencies that have been charged with regulating various businesses This system is different from the criminal and civil justice systems in many different ix Civil justice x Criminal justice our capitalist system xi Corporate businesses and corporations that carry out business activity as part of xii Technological changes in technological systems have led to changes in the way that white collar offenders commit their crime Additional tools that government officials use in their pursuit to identifying and responding to WCC Applied general systems theory where society is considered to be composed of a number of different types of systems that operate independently and in conjunction with other systems control duties those phenomena Archival research studies that se some form