Final Exam CHAPTER 13 Study Items Sony Walkman 389 In 1984 prerecorded cassettes surpassed vinyl records for the first time in history thanks to the Sony Walkman personal tap player Boombox 389 Larger portable tape players that helped cassettes surpass vinyl records CD 389 the development of digital sound led to the production of the five inch compact disc in 1983 and the rapid decline of vinyl records In 1988 CDs surpassed the sale of vinyl records Read by a laser and not a diamond needle let CDs not have the wear and tear of vinyl discs MTV 389 90 Launched in 1981 became the preferred method for launching a new act promoting the latest super star MTV and VH 1 worked with radio to boost record sales Helped promote a second British Invasion and focused mainly on rock stars and white artists Michael Jackson s thriller forced MTV to change its all white rock format Analog recording digital recording 392 analog recording became the norm of recording since the 19th century transforms the energy of sound waves into physical imprints or electronic wave forms Digital recording samples the sound waves and breaks them down into a stream of 0s and 1s Synthesizers 392 93 devices that allow musicians to create or synthesize musical sounds First aimed at mass consumer markets in the 70s In the 1980s the first completely digital synthesizers were capable of playing dozens of voices at the same time Digital samplers 393 capable of storing both prerecorded and synthesized sounds Digital sequencers 393 devices that record musical data rather than musical sound and allow the creation of repeated sound sequences the manipulation of rhythmic grooves and the transmission of recorded data from one program or device to another Drum machines 393 rely on drum pads that can be struck to and activated by the performer to create sounds not just percussion sounds but many others such as glass smashing gun fire and cars screeching Michael Jackson Thriller 402 05 a ground breaking album produced by Quincy Jones Thriller was a way to try and mediate between the white heavy metal and new wave fans and the genres of funk and rap associated with black artists Much of Thriller consists of up tempo synthesizer and bass driven danceable music Moonwalk 405 first seen at a TV special called 25 Years of Motown while Jackson was singing Billie Jean Bruce Springsteen Born in the USA 405 08 Born in the U S A s lyrics expressed signs of hope in the daily fight of the standard American in following the American Dream a new feeling complemented by synthesized arrangements and a pop flavored radio oriented sound that helped Springsteen to extend his popularity and appeal to mainstream audiences E Street Band 405 Bruce Springsteen s primary backing band since 1972 Paul Simon Graceland 408 11 This album was mostly recorded in South Africa Just like Born in the USA this album was a focus of political attention It was a truly global geographicallyspeaking album being recorded in many different continents Ladysmith Black Mambazo Joseph Shabalala 408 09 a vocal from South Africa that recorded with Paul Simon with a couple of songs on his Graceland album Listenings Kenny Rogers Lady 1980 and The Gambler 1978 Eurythmics Sweet Dreams Are Made of This 1983 and Here Comes the Rain Again 1984 Tina Tuner What s Love Got to Do With It 1984 and Proud Mary 1993 Van Halen Jump 1984 and You Really Got Me 1978 Peter Gabriel Sledgehammer 1986 and In Your Eyes 1986 Michael Jackson Beat It 1982 and Billie Jean 1982 Bruce Springsteen Born in the USA 1984 and Cover Me 1984 Paul Simon You Can Call Me Al 1986 and Homeless 1986 Madonna Like a Virgin 1984 and Material Girl 1984 Prince Purple Rain 1984 and When Doves Cry 1984 Whitney Houston I Wanna Dance with Somebody 1987 and I Will Always Love You 1992 Lionel Richie All Night Long 1983 and Three Times a Lady 1978 with the Commodores Pat Benatar Hit Me With Your Best Shot 1980 and Love is a Battlefield 1983 Chapter 14 Study Items Hip hop 429 34 a form of musical expression and artistic subculture that originated in African American and Hispanic American communities during the 1970s in New York City specifically within the Bronx 1 2 3 The term often refers to hip hop music which consists of poetry that is spoken rather than sung over either original or sampled instrumental recordings mixed with new original sounds from drum machines and or other instruments However the culture has expanded far beyond its original roots and now is considered a worldwide subculture comprising rapping DJing hip hop dance and graffiti art the so called Four Pillars of Hip Hop Def Jam 430 an independent label company created out of a dorm room by promoter Russell Simmons and producer Rick Rubin Became the first rap oriented label company MTV Raps 432 The first hip hop music show on MTV hosted by Doctor Dre Ed Lover Fab 5 Freddy Created by Ted Demmey and Peter Dougherty and aired in 1988 The Source 432 the first periodical devoted solely to hip hop music fashion Over the decade it surpassed other music publications such as Rolling Stone Gangsta rap 435 44 a subgenre of hip hop music that evolved from hardcore hip hop and purports to reflect urban crime and the violent lifestyles of inner city youths 1 2 Lyrics in gangsta rap have varied from accurate reflections to fictionalized accounts 2 Gangsta is a non rhotic pronunciation of the word gangster The genre was pioneered in the mid 1980s by rappers such as Schoolly D and Ice T and was popularized in the later part of the 1980s by groups like N W A After the national attention that Ice T and N W A attracted in the late 1980s and early 1990s gangsta rap became the most commercially lucrative subgenre of hip hop Some gangsta rappers have been associated or allegedly have ties with the Bloods or Crips gangs Death Row Records and Bad Boy Records 440 41 Death Row Records the west coast and Bad Boy Records east coast had violent conflicts in the 1990s By the end of the 1990s Tupac Shakur and Notorious B I G were both shot to death Techno 444 45 a new form of up tempo repetitive electronic dance music developed in major cities There are dozens of subcategories of techno and unlike past DJs techno DJs remained anonymous Raves 444 parties in dance clubs which played techno music A wide spread controversy about raves was the use of Ecstasy by club members House music 445 a genre of electronic dance music that originated in Chicago Illinois in a gay club called the Warehouse by Frankie
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