CHAPTER 3 Managing Human Resources 1 Which level of government has the most employees Local Government 2 What was president Andrew Jackson known for in terms of hiring employees Common man ordinary citizens Patronage and spoils rampant 3 When was the first federal civil service act passes and why Passed in 1983 After President Garfield was assassinated by a disgruntled man who wanted to be appointed as an ambassador Merit competence and efficiency were valued 4 Be able to compare key characteristics of the patronage system with the merit system in human resource management 5 What did the 1964 Civil Rights Act legislate or require 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of race color religion sex or national origin in most private sector employment created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EEOC for its enforcement 6 Name 5 steps in the personnel process in an agency 1 Recruitment The process of advertising job openings and encouraging candidates to apply 2 Selection Process 3 General Schedule 4 Performance evaluation 5 training 7 What did the Hatch Act prevent public employees from doing prohibit employees in the executive branch of the federal government except the President and the Vice President from engaging in partisan political activity The act precluded federal employees from membership in any political organization which advocates the overthrow of our constitutional form of government which especially applied to fascist and communist organizations 8 Employees who publicly report cases of fraud abuse or mismanagement in their organization are called what whistleblower 9 Briefly describe what Herzberg s two factor theory is What are examples of Herzberg s satisfiers and dissatisfiers They are two types of needs people have on the job Each of the two affects work in different independent ways Satisfactors motivation Achievement recognition for accomplishments challenging work itself increased responsibility advancement professional growth and development Dissatisfiers Hygiene Company policy and administration supervision working conditions interpersonal relations salary status job security 10 The annual job evaluation in a job is called what What are its purposes Performance Evaluation Gives employees feedback and identify training needs documents criteria form a basis for personnel decision salary promotion disciplinary action bonus etc and facilitate communication between employee and employer 11 What does it mean to develop consensus in public policy making representatives of all the policy positions the interests agree on the option in a small group everyone has to agree with the solution 12 What are some of the key factors that can lead to a successful consensus decision making process Participants are to listen carefully to determine how the solution can meet the needs of the other parties There are 3 stages to consensus process before during after Before assess whether or not to initiate a consensus process and how to bring diverse interests to the table work with the facilitators to plan and organize the process and write ground rules During engage in the problem solving discussions exchange information frame issues conduct the discussions generate and evaluate option etc After Implement the agreement Formalize the decision carry it out and monitor the results 13 Collective bargaining is generally conducted with what two groups of players in an organization Collective Bargaining Formalized process of negotiation between management and labor which address terms and conditions of employment including pay working conditions and benefits 14 Which group of employees in the public or private sector are the most heavily unionized Public 15 What are three reasons that government is experiencing an HR or human resources crisis Increased competition from private and nonprofit sectors an aging workforce a failure of Governments to consider the motivations of job seekers 16 Affirmative action and equal employment opportunity laws have goals that conflict with the idea of politically neutral competence Why should hiring and promotion be based upon anything other than 1 ability to perform the job and 2 political neutrality Also discuss partisan patronage and veterans preference in this context Opinion Based individual answers CHAPTER 4 Public Decision Making 1 What does it mean to say that people satisfice in decision making Man s cognitive limitations prevent him from fully comprehending and assessing all the alternatives 2 How is the rational model different from satisficing satisficing reflects on how people actually make decisions He contended that there s too much information in most decisions for people to comprehensively maximize Instead they use Bounded Rationality and choose an acceptable outcome rather than seek the best outcome is quantitative and derived from traditional economic theories It assumes that the decision maker has all the information necessary to make a choice that uses the smallest possible input of scarce resources per unit of valued output 3 What is Groupthink Human psychology in terms of relating to a group and peer pressure bonding together to support each other and norms of loyalty The practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility 4 Why does the feeling of invulnerability in a group sometimes lead to groupthink People are not comfortable enough to express their thoughts Vurnable people are more likely to be easily manipulated and thus turn to groupthink 5 What are some ways that Groupthink can be prevented in an organization I Create a culture that accepts welcomes and encourages candid dialogue and debate Cultivate a questioning attitude by encouraging staff to challenge the assumptions and actions of the organization in staff discussions and policy formulation II Include the risks of the policy actions in discussions III Create multiple channels for dissent IV Create clear understanding about the boundary of dissent and when cohesive acceptance is necessary 6 What does it mean to make a decision by consensus Consensus Decision Making Participants make decision by agreement rather than by majority vote 7 How would you define organized anarchy as March and Simon call the process of decision making called the garbage can model Organized anarchy is defined as organizations characterized by problematic preferences unclear technology and fluid
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