MUH 2019 03 chapter one study items Popular music p 2 music that is mass reproduced and disseminated via the mass media that has at various times been listened to by large numbers of Americans and that typically draws upon a variety of preexisting musical traditions What are the five themes introduced in chapter one p 2 11 Listening Music and Identity Music and Technology The Music Business Centers and Peripheries Critical listening p 2 Listening that consciously seeks out meaning in music drawing on some knowledge of how music is put together its cultural significance and its historical development Formal analysis p 3 Listening for musical structure its basic building blocks and the ways in which they are combined Musical process p 3 There is an important difference between understanding the structure of an organism its constituent parts and how they are related and the processes that brings these parts and relationships to life One must understand not only song but also singing Riff p 3 a repeated pattern designed to generate rhythmic momentum Timbre p 3 the quality of sound also tone color In order to understand the cultural significance of popular music we must p 5 6 examine both the music its tones and textures rhythms and forms and the broader patterns of social identity that have shaped Americans taste and values What are some examples of how technology has shaped music p 6 Rise of the phonograph record computerized sampling internet based radio Sheet music p 9 the principle means of disseminating popular songs to a mass audience A R personnel p 9 The A R personnel of a record company seek out the talent Producer p 9 The producer of a record may play several roles convincing the board of directors of a record company to back a particular project shaping the development of the new talent and often intervening directly in the recording process The music industry promotes the illusion that p 9 we are all highly independent individuals defined by our personal tastes Majors Large record companies with lots of capital and power and Indies p 10 small independent labels operating in marginal markets Center NY LA Nashville where power capital and control over mass media are concentrated and Periphery p 10 11 inhabited by smaller institutions and by people who have historically been excluded from the political and economic mainstream What are the three streams p 11 19 The European American Stream The African American Stream The Latin American Stream Strophic form p 12 a song sung to a repeating melody Syncretism p 15 the selective blending of traditions derived from Africa and Europe Call and response form p 15 in which a lead singer and chorus alternate the leader being allowed more freedom to elaborate his part a hallmark of African American musical traditions Polyrhythmic texture p 16 textures in which many rhythms are going on at the same time present in funk music particularly the work of James Brown and the instrumental accompaniments beats for contemporary rap recordings Salsa p 18 a rumba based style pioneered by Cuban and Puertorican migrants in NYC Stars Celia Cruz and Tito Puente Chapter 2 study items Minstrel show p 20 the first form of musical and theatrical entertainment to be regarded by European audiences as distinctively American in character featured mainly white performers who artificially blackened their skin and carried out parodies of African American music dance dress and dialect Also called blackface minstrelsy Jim Crow song p 21 Written by Thomas Dartmouth Rice Song became first international American song hit Rice sang this song in blackface while imitating a dance step called the cakewalk Cakewalk p 21 An africanized version of the European quadrille a kind of square dance Zip Coon song p 24 The next big Ethiopian hit song Published in NY in 1834 verse chorus ballad form Direct ancestor to the Disney song Zip a Dee Doo Dah Song was adopted by both black and white country fiddlers rearranged and given the title Turkey in the Straw Good example of the evolving relationship between popular and folk music in the 19th century Mr Interlocutor a lead performer who sang and provided patter between acts of the Virginia Minstrels show Bones and Tambo p 24 sat at either end of the line of performers in the Virginia Minstrels show authentic negroes p 25 African american minstrels had to apply blackface in order to prepare themselves for their stage roles minstrel troupes p 25 toured the united states constantly from the 1840s until the 1870s helping to create an embryonic national popular culture Borrowed from the diverse traditions they encountered Stephen C Foster p 26 1826 1864 composed around 200 songs during the 1840s 50s and early 60s Regarded as the first important composer of American popular song First person in the US to make his living as a full time songwriter Made money on fees and royalties generated by sales of sheet music Wrote Oh Susana Old Folks at Home My Old Kentucky Home Good Night Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair and Beautiful Dreamer Incorporated ballads italian light opera irish and german songs and minstrel songs Most influential songwriter of the 19th century Master at creating the simple but compelling combinations of melody and text that later popular composers would refer to as hooks AABA form p 27 A sections begin identically although their endings vary slightly B section introduces a new melody and chords and acts as a musical bridge that leads us to the final A section Became one of the most important popular song forms of the early 20th century Stephen C Foster s songs p 26 29 Oh Susana His first success Plantation song Sold outright to a music publisher for one hundred dollars Publisher made thousands of dollars from the world wide hit but no money went to Foster Old Folks at Home Biggest hit plantation song Sold 100 000 copies of sheet music 1851 Per capita equals to a million seller in todays terms My Old Kentucky Home Good Night Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair WWII parade song performed by several swing era dance bands and remembered throughout the 1960s for the first line which became a TV show I dream of Jeannie Beautiful Dreamer John Philip Sousa p 32 popular band leader from the 1890s through WWI Known as America s March King Became a conductor and formed a commercial concert band which toured USA and Europe First US Pop supergroup Made two dozen hit phonograph records between 1895 1918 Wrote patriotic marches such as El
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