Chapter One and week One Government Purpose and Accountability 1 What does POSDCORB stand for Planning Organizing Staffing Directing Co Ordinating Reporting Budgeting 2 What level of government has the largest share of total government expenditures Federal Goverement 3 What does administrare mean Administration from the Latin word administrare to serve to minister to furnish a benefit to manage affairs for others 4 Who articulated the politics administration dichotomy What is the distinction between the two Woodward Wilson s The Study of Administration 1887 politics has to do with policies or expressions of the state will Administration has to do with the execution of these policies 5 What are the three roles public administrators serve Managerial focuses on implementation and efficiency Political focuses on representativeness responsiveness accountability and effectiveness Legal focuses on applying and enforcing the law adjudicating disputes protecting rights following procedures and ensuring equity 6 Describe four topics that public management focuses on Performance measurement strategy communication information systems marketization and customer focus 7 What is the IRS 501 c 3 status mean an American tax exempt nonprofit corporation or association Section 501 c of the US Internal Revenue Code provides that 28 types of nonprofit organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes 8 What does GDP stand for What percentage of America s GDP is government spending All Government spends about 32 of Gross Domestic Product GDP 9 What are the two largest federal agencies Department of Defense and Department of Veteran Affairs 10 Has total government employment remained stable decreased or increased since 1980 Stable steady 11 What percent of the federal budget do defense 14 social security and Medicare spending 39 make up 12 Does the federal government or state and local governments together have more employees Fed has 4 3 million people 3 and State Local has 19 million 14 13 Five characteristics of bureaucracy are jurisdictional boundaries hierarchy reliance expertly organization 14 Which of the following reason s explains why we have government Provide public goods not supplied by the market Provide infrastructure to conduct business Set and enforce the rules of the game for the market Soften negative externalities of unregulated capitalism Minimize effects of business cycle swings 15 What do organizational charts tell us Who reports to who What programs are delivered by the government What programs are combined within one department how administrative arrangements are carried out 16 Romzak and Dubnick s article on the Challenger lays out four types of accountability which are Bureaucratic accountability Professional accountability Legal accountability Political accountability 17 What caused the Challenger space shuttle to blow up Chillies cylinders Techinical and managerial problems 18 Why is accountability so important in a democracy For legal procedural solization norms and oversight reasons 19 What are the three levels of institutions that are related to accountability What conflicts can happen between the professional or technical level and the political or institutional level The technical level managerial level institutional level Chapter 2 week 2 3 Organizational Theory 1 The growth of bureaucracy can be explained by all the following except Growing technological complexity of government services Increasing public pressures from diverse interest and clientele groups Government responses to crises and Greater public acceptance of the need for economic and social regulation 2 The academic who criticized early principles of administration as simply unproven probers of administration was Herbert Simon Nobel Prize winning Economist 3 Principal Agency theory is a theory that emphasizes Principals and agents may have different interests Ex If you the principal hire a gardener your agent to mow your lawn while you are away all you can observe is how the lawn looks when you come back He could have mowed it every ten days as you agreed or he could have waited until two days before you were due home and mowed it only once By prevailing on a neighbor to monitor your employee s behaviour you could find out what he actually did although at some cost 4 Define the fact value dichotomy and what it means in the study of organizations research would be concerned with the facts of how administration worked and not values of democracy and ethics 5 What are key differences between organic and mechanistic systems or organizations Mechanistic Weberian and suited for stable environments efficiently repeat procedures and have clearly defined responsibilities and clear chain of command decision making Organic suited for environmental change and are more flexible emphasize innovation and adapability often work with other partners through networks of program delivery and implementation decisions are made on the basis of knowledge and expertise rather than solely on hierarchical position 6 In the Hawthorne studies researchers discovered that Workers worked harder and productivity increased if they were under observation Informal group norms such as what a reasonable day s work was among the small teams were very powerful in how hard workers worked Worker s need went beyond economic pay and included acceptance by work team 7 A management and organizational theory that emphasizes people want to work are not lazy and do not need constant supervision is McGregor s Theory Y 8 Organizational culture can best be described by the following phrases underlying beliefs and ideas about group norms and values customs and rituals shared skills and ways of thinking values that underpin how an organization operates 9 All of the following are part of Weber s model of bureaucracy Division of labor functional specialization Vertical hierarchy Formal rules and procedures Maintenance of records and files Emphasis on neutral administration and professionalism 10 If you were studying organization theories that emphasize that workers are motivated and enjoy work for its intrinsic value not just the extrinsic rewards you would be studying organizational theories related to which of the following fields of organizational study Organizational Humanism Y 11 24 Efforts to reinvent government have emphasized all of the following except What topics did reinventing government also called National Performance Review under president
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