MUH Midterm Study Guide Pop Music Identity What is Pop Music o Mass mediated music o Much of today s music comes from roots music older music o Always changing Identity Difference o Gender Sexuality Race Ethnicity Disability Ability Place Class o All discussed throughout the history of Pop Music Center Periphery in Pop Music o Center Mainstream or place hot bed of music NYC Nashville etc o Periphery Not mainstream but center for subculture s music Punk in NYC Invigorates mainstream music Basic Pop Music Terms Concepts What is culture o Socially agreed upon behavior patterns products ideas etc o Always changing 3 Streams in Pop Music o European American o African American o Hispanic American Analysis Terms o Musical structure or form Verse Chorus Verse AABA ABA 12 Bar Blues o Riff repeated pattern designed to generate rhythmic movement normally instrumental i e the opening riff to Johnny B Goode o Hook memorable musical phrase or riff normally vocal i e I m a Barbie girl o Groove evokes the channeled flow of swinging or funky Riff or hook can have a groove Q U E E N by Janelle Monae o Timbre quality of sounds who is singing Jay Z s voice vs Freddie Mercury OR Van Halen Guitar vs David Bowie Piano Popular Industry Terms o Composer songwriter writes music harmony melody etc o Arranger Decides what instruments will be used how o A R Artist and Repertoire talent seeker o Producer several roles finance record artist development intervenes or creates in recording studio Theodor Adorno o Marxist against pop music o Argues culture promotes we are individuals defined by taste o Through capitalism culture industry manipulates our thinking into buying culture commodities High vs Low Art o High serious music is transcendent and freeing i e classical music o Low controls people i e we discussed Pitbull in class Minstrel Shows Blackface Stephen Foster Blackface Minstrelsy o 1st distinctly American form of entertainment o Origins in ritual celebrations for Christmas new years etc Black whiteface used in these non racist o Continued until early 1970s Early Blackface o Blackface in theatre Othello normally played by white actor o Non racist o Challenged status quo political commentaries etc o Folk lower class theaters Urban whites in NYC Many Irish marginalized people like blacks o The Performance Music based off of Irish Scottish melodies Commentary on social classes Thomas Dartmouth Rice o Jim Crow internal fame George Washington Dixon o Zip Coon Northern Black Dandy Mid 1800s minstrelsy Impoverished slave from the south Jim Crow laws known later based on black oppression in south o White actors and musicians racist o Jim Crow and Zip Coon no longer subversive now stereotypes o Performed racist ideas of blackness good slave northern black dandy o Ethiopian songs plantation songs coon songs o Highly profitable in the south 1800s Minstrel groups o Virginia Minstrels Dan Emmett Standardized minstrel ensemble Banjo bones tambourine and violin Mr Interlocutor like narrator Frequently referenced sex and violence o Christy s Original Band of Virginia Minstrels EP Christy Bigger better band PG rated songs drew larger crowds Used Stephen Foster compositions Stephen Foster o 1st Pop American composer o 1st to make living as a song writer Royalties from sales of sheet music o Master at the hook o Songs Camptown Races Oh Susanna Old Folks at Home Suwannee River Blackface Minstrelsy in the 20th century o Al Jolson the Jazz Singer Jewish American entertainer 1930s Loud stage voice exaggerated gestures 1st to use runway in concert The Jazz Singer 1927 movie early film with sound Ragtime and Tin Pan Alley Tin Pan Alley o 1890s rise of modern American music industry o New Publishers in lower Manhattan on 28th street o Mainly Eastern European Jewish Americans o Goal was to produce songs sheet music for a profit Industry of TPA TPA Song plugger Promote songs in stores clubs etc by playing it live Vaudeville turn of century Influenced by minstrelsy Traveling variety shows Kept tabs on theaters and music stores of times song is played o Style and influences Extremely influential to 20th century pop music Themes forms performance styles etc Incorporated in Jazz and ragtime music Use of vernacular speech o Song content Early TPA 1890s 1910s Later TPA 1920s 1930s Sentiment nostalgia plantation songs and romantic songs Privacy middle class life new love lust lost love racist and sexist themes o Gendered language ignorance about races ethnicities After the Ball early TPA AABA verse chorus verse song Composer Charles K Harris o Golden Age of TPA 1920s 19030s Irving Berlin White Christmas God Bless America George Gershwin Rhapsody in Blue Rodgers Hammerstein wrote Oklahoma and Sound of Music Songs written for Broadway and Talkies Invention of microphone in 1925 lead to crooning Sinatra Crosby o My Blue Heaven Verse refrain song Gene Austin Rise of the Standard o Song that endures beyond its era Gershwins o I Got Rhythm o George and Ira Gershwin o Bridge classical and pop o Syncopation Ragtime Shifting melodic accents onto the offbeats o rag African American term for syncopation o Rhythmic momentum through banjo o Scott Joplin New Orleans Jazz New Orleans o Influx of immigrants French Cajun Creole etc o Slaves allowed to freely express music Jazz o Believed to mean lively or spirited or sex o Around turn of the 20th century o Mix of ragtime marching bands mardi gras etc Ragtime into early jazz Jelly Roll Morton o Creole from Nola o Claims to have invented Jazz o Named and popularized the Spanish Tinge Early Jazz Bands o Original Dixie Land Jazz Band o King Oliver s Creole Jazz Band Later Jazz o Louis Armstrong Was in King Oliver s Began his own band Hot 5 and Hot 7 Part of bringing Nola Jazz to Chicago Great Migration Jazz as art music West End Blues The Castles o Vernon Irene Castle Ragtime dance craze during WWI Taught ballroom dancing to middle class Americans Brief career from 1912 1918 Created the Castle Walk James Reese Europe o Black arranger composer etc o Musical director for the Castles o Started the Clef Club social club booking agency union for black musicians in NYC o Helped bring jazz to Europe Paris Hell Fighters band Paul Whiteman o Self proclaimed King of Jazz o made an honest woman out of jazz o Widened the jazz audience Old Time the Beginning of Country Music Oral ballad tradition American religious music o Brought from England Ireland and Scotland o Broadside Ballad o Lining out someone sings out the
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