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Name: _____________________Some of the questions have been marked off as not covered enough this year 2014 Just because some qs are not marked off doesn’t mean that they’re covered in detail this year, however.BSCI 207 (Firestone + Kent) UID:_________________________Exam 3 2013Multiple-multiple choice questions (i.e., related true-false questions).Select either A for TRUE or E for FALSE.Questions 1 through 5. Hox genes are responsible for:1 segment identity. T2 the initial anterior-posterior gradient in the egg. F3 pattern development. T4 the anterior-posterior orientation of segments. F5 producing segmental pairs. F- pair rule genesQuestions 6 – 10. Mammalian lungs:6 are fractal structures. T7 must be moist to allow for gas exchange. T8 fill using negative pressure. T9 use a countercurrent exchange system. F10 require muscle contractions to exhale. F- use muscles but don’t contract, require muscle relaxationQuestions 11 – 15. Chemicals that bioaccumulate: Not yet in 2014, but maybe soon11 are absorbed via facilitated diffusion.12 are hydrophobic.13 are nonpolar gasses.14 mostly enter our body via polluted drinking water. 15 do so because they are easily absorbed but only excreted with the lessefficient concurrent (not countercurrent) flow.Questions 16 – 20. Colinearity in Hox genes:16 initiates the formation of cytoplasmic determinants and induction cascades. F- cytoplasmic determinants17 refers to the correspondence between position on the chromosome and position on the body. T18 refers to the correspondence between position on the chromosome and timing of their activation. T19 protects the nervous system from mutations acting late in development. T20 is very different between protostomes and deuterostomes. FQuestions 21 – 25. In plants, the process of gas exchange involves:21 the cuticle that acts to limit water loss across the leaf epidermis. T22 guard cells in which light stimulates the activity of the H+ pump. T23 guard cells that become swollen to restrict the size of the stomatal opening. F- swollen= turgid, opens up stomata24 the diffusion of gas through intercellular spaces in order to reach individual cells. T25 the bulk flow in the aerenchyma of many aquatic plants.Questions 26 – 30. The acidic phase of digestion:26 kills pathogens in the food. T- acid kills bacteria/not favorable environment 27 causes mechanical reduction of food. F- mechanical in mouth, chemical28 does not occur in protists, such as Paramecium. F29 is primarily absorptive. F30 occurs during ingestion. FQuestions 31 – 35. Countercurrent exchange systems:31 increase the efficiency of mammalian lungs. F 32 help the loop of Henle produce a concentration gradient in the kidney.T33 do not require a separate ventilation current for gas exchange. F34 allow diffusion to reach equilibrium very quickly. F35 are responsible for gas exchange in insect trachea. FQuestions 36 – 40. The phosphate ion is the primary type of phosphorus for plants. The phosphate ion:36 was probably absorbed by a plant from organic matter, not rock or sandy soil. T37 always originally came from rocks. T38 enters roots through facilitated diffusion. F have to enter thru active 39 does not affect ψ (psi) even when there is a lot of it. Water potential-F40 when a lot of it gets into a lake, causes fish death by reacting with most of the oxygen in the water.Questions 41 – 45. The physiochemical process of osmosis:41 involves the diffusion of water from a solution of higher solute concentration to a solution of lower solute concentration. F high water, low solute42 can generate significant pressure increases. T43 cannot generate significant volume increases. F44 can move water molecules from a hypotonic environment into an organism. T45 can involve the energy-dependent movement of water molecules through aquaporins. F- aquaporins aren’t energy dependent, but Page 2 / 4they do move thru aquaporinsQuestions 46 – 50. Both chloride cells in marine teleosts and renal glands in sharks: 46 use Na+/K+-ATPase to generate an electrochemical gradient. T47 actively secrete electrolytes. T48 help produce large quantities of dilute urine. F- concentrated not dilute49 have unique transport molecules not found in other animals. F50 are primarily responsible for transporting water to the environment. F- transport ions Questions 51 – 55. Bird lungs are poorly adapted for use underwater because: compared toa ir51 water has high viscosity. T52 water has high density. T53 water has relatively high [O2]. F54 they lack ventilation bulk flow. F (lungs)55 they have a large external opening. FQuestions 56 – 60. Fishes living in freshwater:56 actively pump ions out of the cell. F- need to retain ions 57 are constantly losing water to the environment. F- constantly gaining 58 use contractile vacuoles for excretion. F- only unicellular use contractile 59 live in a hypertonic environment. F- hypotonic 60 have plasma membranes with many aquaporins. FQuestions 61 – 65. The proximal tubule of the mammalian nephron:61 uses aquaporins for reabsorbing water. T62 is responsible for filtration. F- filtration happens in first part63 has numerous Na+/K+-ATPase molecules. T64 has numerous Na+ contransporters. T65 secretes urea. F- happens in collecting duct Questions 66 – 69. Fractal systems are important in biological systems because:66 they produce isometry. F67 they arise by iterative processes. T68 are capable of filling irregular spaces. T69 utilize a relatively simple genetic system. TQuestions 70 – 73. In a drought:70 plants have trouble obtaining nutrient ions. T Page 3 / 471 it is harder for plants to move nutrients from roots to leaves. T- because ions are hydrophillic so they need water 72 more organic matter in the soil makes plant growth easier. T- organic water holds water 73 soil water potential can go from positive to negative. F- water potential= water pressure, water pressure has to be negative inplant Question 74. Both termites and ruminants are highly specialized herbivores capable of utilizing the cellulose in their foods. Despite this similarity, they have very different digestive tracts (i.e., simple in termites & complex in ruminants). Discuss how these two animals are capable of chemically digesting cellulose, as well as the reasons ruminants require such a complicated digestive tract. (6 points)chemical digestion in both species– complex ruminant (cow) digestive tract – Question 75. What


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UMD BSCI 207 - Exam 3

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