HUM3321 Midterm Study Guide Vocabulary Agency an authoritative voice Code system of understanding that connects conceptual map to the sign conceptual map Habitus socially learned dispositions toward emotional expression and behavior shared by members of a group Hegemony the power or dominance that one social group holds over others dominance and subordination method of gaining and maintaining power Heterosociality nonsexual attractions held by men or women for members of the other sex Homosociality nonsexual attractions held by men or women for members of their own sex Ideological State Apparatus ISA private functions by ideology Ex Churches political parties families schools media Questions to Consider Ideology a subconscious subscription to a system of beliefs that appear to be innate and natural Myth an act of taking signs to be instances of universal truths how stereotypes are born Repressive State Apparatus RSA public function by violence Ex Police courts army government administration Scapegoating blaming an individual or group for a real or perceived failure of others subordinate groups targeted Sign iconic indexical symbolic Signifier word sound or image Signified real world object or abstract concept Stereotype a conventional formulaic and usually oversimplified conception opinion or belief 1 Be familiar with how media culture functions in society i e How does it affect and involve us ideologically creates a set of shared values constructs the division line between us and them causes people to have a connection with each other gives us our idea of race class gender identity tells us what s good and bad moral immoral creates biases causes us not to question the absence of representation 2 What is multiculturalism a celebration of subordinate cultures 3 What are the three ways as proposed by Douglas Kellner that one can analyze cultural texts Production and political economy look at the formulas and conventions of production Textual analysis look at ideological positions narrative strategies and image construction Audience reception and use of cultural texts because the audience is subjective and texts have a multiplicity of meanings 4 According to author Lynn Weber what are the five themes that characterize multicultural scholarship as discussed in class Note Weber actually lists six contextuality social construction systems of power social structural social psychological and simultaneously expressed 5 Be familiar with what these five themes entail For example a CONTEXTUAL analysis would consider the geographical political cultural and historical context of a work Contextuality should not look at it equally Social construction polar opposites people create hierarchies they are not natural Systems of power contains dominance through coercion and content Social structural macro and social psychological micro Simultaneously expressed cannot separate race class gender sexuality 6 Where did scholarship on race class gender and sexuality begin Why black women studies because they exist as two or more subordinate groups lower class non white and female existing on multiple levels of the subordinate class 7 How is the social structure of class different than the social structure of race gender or sexuality social class is mobile allows for upward and downward mobility can go from rags to riches or vice versa 8 As a system of power hierarchies require what two components from the dominant and subordinate groups coercion and consent 9 How do we express conceptual maps i e If I have a thought in my head how do I express it to you through language 10 Be familiar with how a system of signs signifier signified work Signifier word sound or image that refers to the signified Signified real world object or abstract concept 11 What are three types of signs Think of an example for each iconic Ex Picture of a tree this is not a pipe painting Britney Spears giving birth icons on your desktop indexical refers to something Ex Word tree Ronald McDonald McDonald golden arches symbolic represents or stands in for an idea Ex A cross 12 How do codes function Think of an example of a code maintain fix the relationship between conceptual maps and signs Ex Traffic light stop sign where you know exactly what it means 13 Finish this sentence Culture is the act of production and reproduction to produce again 14 Be able to think of examples of ISAs and RSAs ISAs ideological state apparatuses church family schools media places you can be influenced ideologically RSAs repressive state apparatuses government army military courts judicial system anyone that can put you in jail 15 What is the most widespread and common ideological tool in the U S today media 16 What is Marxism In Marxism who has hegemony NOT ON EXAM the upper class has hegemony in Marxism 17 What are the five ways as discussed in class the hegemonic group maintains their hierarchical position of dominance controlling ideology coercion and consent exploitation physical and mental limitations and domination and subordination oppression 18 How do stereotypes filter information stereotypes do not change they filter evidence so inconsistent evidence isn t included any info that disagrees with our beliefs is ignored 19 As discussed in class stereotypes function in three ways What are they self deception to protect us from discomfort fear and to maintain privileged beliefs 20 Finish this sentence Stereotypes concern or attributes behavioral or psychological 21 What are the two ways stereotypes protect the self esteem of the majority assures the majority of their own superiority such as the coon stereotype protects the majority from seeing their own wrongdoings ex Females are naturally inferior and men can hide behind science and facts to protect their own gender bias 22 According to a study in 2003 how many hours per week did teens spend watching television 21 hours 23 What ideology does the 13 soldier patrol in Bataan represent What is the significance of this ideology in Bataan America is a melting pot ties into concept of freedom people from diff backgrounds all have equality that Americans will unite against a common enemy despite their differences 24 Though coming from different backgrounds what common trait do each of the soldiers share their Americanness 25 What is the yellow peril concept of east as being foreign and diff therefore threatening the east is a force that will take over overcome the west 26 What is the Asian super soldier
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