MCB2004 Microbiology Exam 4 Study Guide Know which Gram positive bacteria can cause forms of Toxic Shock Syndrome Staphylococcus aureus can cause toxic shock syndrome TSS by producing toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 TSST 1 Streptococcus pyogenes or Group A Streptococcus GAS can cause Streptococcal Toxic Shock associated with necrotizing fasciitis Know all of the names of the herpes virus that causes chickenpox and shingles Human Herpes Virus 3 HHV 3 or varicella zoster virus causes chicken pox and if when reactivated shingles Know the type of virus that causes warts Papillomaviruses cause warts Know what type of polio vaccine is currently recommended by the CDC The enhanced inactivated polio vaccine became the preferred form of vaccination against poliovirus by the CDC in 2000 The other vaccine available the Sabin vaccine is an oral live attenuated vaccine that occasionally reverts to the virulent form less safe Know the major characteristics of rabies transmission prevention and treatment Rabies is a viral disease of the nervous system that multiplies in skeletal muscles peripheral nerves and travels to the brain where it causes encephalitis It has a long incubation period and is almost always fatal if left untreated Transmission Animal bite o Raccoons skunks bats are the most likely animals to be infected with rabies in the U S o In the U S most human cases are caused by bat bites o Worldwide most human cases are caused by dog bites o Can be transmitted by transplanted tissue especially cornea Prevention Injection of human diploid cells vaccine HDCV virus grown in human cell culture inactivated Treatment HDCV vaccine plus rabies immunoglobulin RIG 1 MCB2004 Microbiology Exam 4 Study Guide Know which protozoan species can cause meningitis and which bacterial species can cause meningitis Meningitis Causing Protozoans Naegleria fowleri primary amebic meningoencephalitis Acanthamoeba granulomatis amebic meningoencephalitis Meningitis Causing Bacteria Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis Neisseria meningitidis meningococcal meningitis Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcal meningitis Listeria monocytogenes Listeria meningitis Know how botulinum toxin acts to damage the host when it is ingested Once ingested botulinum toxin blocks the release of neurotransmitter causing flaccid paralysis Cause of death is respiratory and cardiac failure Know which type of bacteria has LPS endotoxin and can cause endotoxic shock Gram negative bacteria are most likely to cause endotoxic shock Lipopolysaccharide LPS is a component of the Gram negative outer membrane layer o LPS endotoxin o Remember Gram positive bacteria do NOT have that outer membrane Know why brucellosis is called undulant fever Undulate means to move with a wave like motion Brucellosis is called undulate fever because the fever is typically undulant rising and falling like a wave Know which infectious agent causes Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease Know what arthropod transmits the bacterium that causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rickettsia rickettsii causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever 2 MCB2004 Microbiology Exam 4 Study Guide For the diseases of the circulatory system that we covered know which are caused by bacteria and which are caused by protozoa Disease Name of Organism Endotoxic Shock Puerperal Sepsis Childbirth Fever Endocarditis Pericarditis Rheumatic Fever Anthrax Tularemia Brucellosis Undulant Fever Gangrene Cat Scratch Disease Rat Bite Fever Plague Relapsing Fever Lyme Disease Human Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis HME Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis HGA Typhus Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Chagas Disease Toxoplasmosis Malaria Leishmaniasis Babesiosis Know the infectious agent that causes Chagas disease and the infectious Gram negative bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pyogenes Bacillus anthracis Francisella tularensis Brucella species Clostridium perfringens Bartonella henselae Streptococcus monilliformis Yersinia pestis Borrelia species Borrelia burgdorferi Ehrlichia chaffeensis Anaplasma phagocytophilum Rickettsia species Rickettsia rickettsii Trypanosoma cruzi Toxoplasma gondii Plasmodium species Leishmania species Babesia microti Organism Type Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Protozoa Protozoa Protozoa Protozoa Protozoa agents that cause sleeping sickness Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease African Trypanosomiasis Sleeping Sickness has two forms Trypanosoma brucei gambiense chronic infection Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense acute infection 2012 given in lecture notes In 2012 there were 9 945 cases of tuberculosis TB in the U S Know the approximate number of tuberculosis cases in the US figure from 3 MCB2004 Microbiology Exam 4 Study Guide Know which type of hypersensitive response is involved in a positive tuberculosis skin test A positive Tuberculin Skin Test TST will produce a T cell mediated delayed hypersensitive reaction Type IV Know which bacterial respiratory infection is transmitted primarily by inhalation of contaminated water droplets from cooling systems Legionellosis caused by Legionella pneumophila is transmitted primarily by contaminated water droplets from air conditioning systems or natural water sources Know what the spike proteins on the influenza virus are called and how the type of spike is described in the name of each specific influenza strain Hemagglutinin HA Spikes used for attachment to host cells H in the H N subtype Neuraminidase NA Spikes used to release virus from cell N in the H N subtype Know which infectious agent causes primary atypical pneumonia Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes primary atypical pneumonia also known as walking pneumonia Know which bacterial infection of the intestine is usually produced by elimination of normal intestinal flora by a course of antibiotics Clostridium difficile causes Clostridium Gastroenteritis an infection of the lower digestive system intestines that is caused by the elimination of normal microbiota Know what organ of the digestive system is infected by the mumps virus The parotid salivary glands are infected by the mumps virus Know approximately how many people in the US are chronically infected with hepatitis C Approximately 3 2 million people are infected with Hepatitis C in the U S Know how Helicobacter pylori neutralizes stomach acid Ammonia from activity of
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