Hist200 2 3 14 Key Terms Week Two Establishment Development of the English Colonies Bacon s Rebellion According to the condition of the mother Covenant theology Navigation Acts Salem I The 17th Century Chesapeake A Jamestown established in 1607 in Virginia a Not planning on settling there establishing permanent b Thought they would find gold valuable materials c Thought Jamestown would be a great trading post for residence valuables d Problems i No access to fresh water ii Did not find gold etc iii People had no resistance to malaria 1 Disease killed off plenty of settlers B Refused to plant crops a Stubborn not planning on staying b Within first 9 months 2 3 of original settlers died C Combined w malaria starvation led to deaths a More than of 1000 who arrived b w 1607 1611 b Starvation so bad residents resorted to canibalism D Conflict w Algonquin and their leader Powhatan a Powhatan was not seeking a conflict ridden relationship w settlers b Powhatan was interested in alliance w settlers i Offered them corn ii Powhatan believed by settlers accepting his offering of corn the settlers were going to become inferiors of Powhatan iii Obviously the settlers were not interested in this II The tobacco economy exchange Imported from west indies by John Rolfe in 1612 A B Led to 40 year economic boom in Chesapeake C Required lots of LAND and lots of LABOR D Tobacco used as a form of currency III Indentured Servitude A Exchange a In Exchange for 5 7 years of labor b People received passage to N America c 40 indentured servants did not survive d People could have time added to indenture for misbehaving i Female pregnant B Encouraged by Head right system a Grant people 50 acres of land b Wealthy person who wants to accumulate as much land as possible i Help passage of indentured servants C 1660 s tobacco boom starting to end a Production outstripping demand b Price of tobacco up i Depleting the soil c Resorted to selling labor d Wage labor seen as height of dependency e Need to expand territory westward IV Causes and significance of bacons rebellion A Growth of Class resentment a Newly freed indentured servants facing hard economic times b Anger growing toward governor William Berkeley i Not doing enough to protect people from native Americans ii Class resentment he favors higher economic class iii Berkeley took voting right away from landless free men c Nathaniel Bacon led rebellion against Berkeley i Bacon wealthy but resided amongst western settlement ii Bacon and men march on Jamestown pillaging and burning large plantations on their way there iii Managed to force Berkeley into exile iv Bacon died from other reasons Berkeley regained power 1 People who rebelled were executed d Bacon s rebellion contributed to the development of slavery i Planter elites wanted a labor source they could control 1 Not going to become free 2 Not going to become potentially rebellious ii First of 17th century indentured servants poor whites had a lot in common w enslaved 1 Both depended on master 2 Subjected to punishment from master B From indentured servitude to slavery 3 Not in control of their own lives a First ship of Africans arrived in Virginia in 1619 b Lines b w indentured servitude and slavery hardened over course of 17th century c Chattel slavery officially legalized by VA house of Burgesses in 1705 C Gender Sexuality and Slavery a Europeans read racial differences onto women s bodies i It was said African American women did not experience pain during child birth 1 Get back to work ASAP 2 Means they are not descended from eve 3 Means they are not related to Europeans in any way 4 Means they are not truly human b 1643 tax law i Taxed labor of all men ii ONLY women of African American descent 1 Legally defines African American s as workers laborers 2 White women as wives iii Discourages people from freeing slaves c 1662 according to the condition of the mother i All women children born in the country shall be held bound in the country ii Slavery is not a condition from which you escape d 1691 all interracial sex illegal i Laws target black men having sex white women a Led by William Bradford Pilgrims landed at Plymouth in 1620 i Covenant of works 1 G d made a promise to Adam that if he did what he was told he would live forever ii Covenant of grace 1 Adam did not follow what he was told 2 So ALL humans deserved damnation 3 G d made second promise a Because he could G d would save a select group of his chosen people from damnation that all humans deserved b Choose this select few regardless of what done in lifetime V 17th Century New England A The Pilgrims c Nothing one could do to earn G d grace and salvation b Only of original 102 migrants survived first winter but soon began to thrive i Climate 1 Colder less mosquitos 2 Less chance of disease ii Fewer potential conflicts to deal with c Established written legal code i Mayflower compact d By 1640 3000 settlers settlers in Plymouth