Hist200 9 29 Week One Beginnings I Key Terms A Hernan Cortes B Mercantilism C Moral Economy D Protestant Reformation II The first Americans A People migrated across Bering Stait 11 000 years ago B Hunting and Gathering societies C 6000 BC start cultivating agriculture a Corn b Beans c Squash III Mayan Culture and Society A Mainly farmers B Elites Claimed to be descendants of god C Achievements IV Aztec Culture and Society a Stone temples palaces b Advances in astronomy hieroglyphics D More than 20 000 people lived in largest city E Declined b w 800 900 A D A As Mayan culture declined Aztec s ascended B Capital Tenochtitlan now Mexico city C Developed complex irrigation system D Hierarchy a Priests Warrior nobles ruled over peasants b Used non Aztecs for slave labor c Demanded human tribute from conquered peoples V Eastern Woodlands Culture Society A Diverse societies but some common characteristics a English settled with them b Men responsible for hunting fishing c Women responsible for agriculture farming B Matrilineal system of kinship inheritance a European looked at men hunting fishing for jobs badly b Women very respected in these cultures C Europeans came to this society a They perceived native American men abandoned their proper place VI European exploration and settlement A Population growth a More people b Less land c Need for more resources d Need more land B New more powerful governments emerging C Mercantilism IMPORTANT a The belief that the nation is the primary economic unit b In order to accumulate more wealth need to sell more than you buy c Desire for expansion colonies i More natural resources d Ex England wants their colonies to trade with only them VII Portuguese explorers A Want access to trade B Prince Henry improved navigational techniques C They became biggest slave trades VIII Spanish Exploration and Conquest A Christopher Columbus a Italian who sailed under Spanish monarchs King Ferdinand and Isabella i They tried to control religion of their people b Set sail in 1492 c Columbus believed he reached Asia but actually Bahamas i Called the people Native Americans ii Declared himself governor of Hispaniola iii Was a brutal enforcer If rebellion occurs he brutally dismembers people or murders them The Establishment of the Spanish empire in N America 1 IX A From conquest to settlement a Pushed on to mainland looking for gold and slaves b Hernan Cortes and the Aztecs 1519 i Diseases etc allowed him to conquest the Aztecs ii Cortes symbolizes an elite man trying to protect native woman from barbaric practice of human sacrifice c Francisco Pizarro and the Incas 1532 d Empire included the Caribbean Islands i Mexico ii Chile iii Argentina iv Peru e First settlement in modern day US i St Augustine FL 1565 ii Sante Fe NM 1609 B Consequences of Spanish Conquest a Native Americans i Forced to work as slave laborers on Spanish encomiendas ii Often forcibly converted to Catholicism iii Population decimated by diseased iv Development of Columbia exchange X Facts of English life It was small A First a B Second C Third D Fourth a a The household was the basic unit of society a Based on a moral economy i Assumed want and inequality ii Cast independence as dangerous iii Required mutual respect for just wage and price It was a flux Economic Flux Inflation i ii Growth of Manufacturing iii Enclosure iv Landlessness v Unemployment b Religious and Political Flux i Protestant Reformation 1 Martin Luther began in 1517 2 Henry VIII broke w catholic church in 1534 3 Some people wanted to purify church of England of all catholic interference 4 Barring that they would leave England entirely E Beginning of English Settlement a Early Ventures i English defeat of Spanish Armada 1588 ii Sir Humphrey Gilbert explored Newfoundland iii Sir Walter Raleigh explored N American coast gave it name Virginia iv Tired to set up colony of Roanoke off coast of NC v In 1606 King James I granted 2 charters