PAD3003 midterm study guide Levels of Government Chapter 1 Federal State Local Taxation How does the government get money necessary to support the three branches of government states and cities also have the power to tax Tax is collected by federal state or local agencies and pay for a broad range of services that meet the needs of everyday citizens Fee based services Examples drivers licenses car registration access to state parks More significant at state and local levels Where government spends money 2007 the federal state and local governments spent over 4 trillion Federal spends the most Defense and Insurance programs Department of Defense Insurance programs Social Security and Medicare Role of Politicians vs Public administrators Politicians make the policy Public servants administer it Chapter 2 Classical Era Fredrick Taylor Revolutionized the idea of optimizing productivity scientific Management Primarily concerned with optimizing productivity and efficiency Maximize individual capabilities Weber Hierarchical Power is centralized Individual responsibilities are jurisdictional Uniform procedures are executed in the interest of efficiency Advocated the use of written documents as a means of establishing formal lines of communications Gullick Urwick istration Developed the notion of POSDCORB An organizational process that offer executives a tangible understanding of admin Planning organizing staffing directing coordinating reporting and budgeting Frame work for designing the most effective organizations Fayol 14 principles of management Divison of work Authority Discipline Unity of command Unity of direction Subor dination of individual interest to the common interest Remuneration of personnel Centeralization Scalar chain Order Equity Stability of personnel tenure Initiative Unity of employed people Neo Classical Era Herbert Simon Fact Value Dichotomy Principles must be scientifically researched Base everything off of facts Merton Challenged Webers model of bureaucracy Groupthink Characterized by extreme conformity that gets in the way of any critical analysis Maintains power and cohesiveness in a group Kind of conformity Selznick Informal Organizations Co optation Informal organizations are cliques that are grounded in personal relationships and these cliques can cut across the formal organizational hierarchy Different from classical ideas because he stresses the importance of monetary and nonmonetary work incentives to secure cooperation Barnard Worker Incentives Humanizing Theory Mary Parker Follet Authority must be exercised in a impersonal fashion so a leader is to avoid be ing perceived as Maslow s Hierarcy Motivation is based upon five fundemental needs known as needs hierarchy Lowest level needs to sustain life Safety needs Need for love acceptance affection and a sense of belonging Esteem needs which divided into two sub groups 1st need to be recognized as strong confident and autonomous 2nd encompasses a desire for prestige and appreciation Apex of the needs hierarchy desire for self actualization Classical management theories assume that individuals are motivated primarily by money Maslow undermined this notion Individuals are actually motivated by social and psychological needs Quiz questions for chapters 1 2 1 Public servants are motivated by 2 What are the three levels of government in the United States Federal State and Local 3 True or False Nonprofit organizations are tax exempt True Donations True 4 Government funding usually comes from all of the following EXCEPT 5 True or False A bureaucracy is reliant on written documents or the preservation of files 6 Classical Management is primarily concerned with C Productivity and efficiency 7 Weber s ideal bureaucracy was criticized by Merton because C it does not put enough emphasis on control 8 True or False Herbert Simon was responsible for the introduction of scientific man agement and time motion studies 9 Which organizational theorist focused on non monetary incentives True Chester Barnard 10 Briefly no more than three sentences describe McGregors TheoryX and Theory Y Theory X assumes that individuals dislike work and they avoid it whenever possi ble Theory Y open model that assumes individuals enjoy work and they embrace re sponsibility People solve complex problems through creative needs Chapter 3 Organizational Culture Human resource management Most important resource to public organizations is its people Productive HR manager balances workers needs and organizations goals Public organizations might loose best and brightest to private organizations Public organizations need to woo the best and brightest from multiple recruiting Important to recruit and retain exceptional employees Holzer recommends several strategies for persuading the best and the nrightest Namely advocacy activities that keep the idea of public service on the forefront of Educating and reminding people that public service is both necessary investment Competitive salaries employee discretion and power of resources Recruitment pools into government people minds and civic duty Employee Development Training and Education tude Training begins with employee orientation Continues through out career to fulfill the need for new knowledge skills and atti Prepares worker for career advancement On The Job Methods of Employee Development Delegation boss delegates authority Coaching giving individual assignment and then personally assisting them Special assignments presenting plan to group correcting office or production problems and helping develop new product Job rotation moving employee from one job to another to expose them to differ ent problems Understudy bosses choice of a successor Delegation planning ment Frees supervisor of time consuming tasks that would keep them from overall Demonstrates trust in employees Gives manager a way to observe and measure the performance of the assign Facilitates promotion Fresh eye for new ideas Increase the efficiency of the manager Employee Motivation Money is not only motivation Employees work needs and expectations must be given constant attention Maslows Hierarcy of Needs important 5 fundamental needs starting from the bottom of the triangle Physical Basic needs food clothing shelter Safety needs security and desire for an ordered world Love needs acceptance sense of belonging Esteem needs recognized as strong and confident Self actualization fulfilling ones potential Herzbergs Two Factors Theory two
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