CHAPTER 10 STUDY GUIDE AFRICA Study Items Timeline 192 Vocab o Progressive colonization and foreign domination of sub Saharan Africa collapse of traditional African nations 15th 20th centuries o Slave trade African diaspora 17th 19th centuries o National independence movements emerge post 1945 o Ghana becomes independent 1957 o Mali becomes independent 1960 o Dahomey Benin becomes independent 1960 o Apartheid ends Nelson Mandela elected president of South Africa 1994 1 Akan people 191 193 A large ethnic group of the West Africa concentrated principally in the modern nation of Ghana 2 Drum speech 193 linguistic use of certain types of West African drums e g atumpan in certain contexts e g reciting proverbs which is made possible b y the use of tonal languages 3 Tonal language 193 Languages in which the meaning of words is determined not just by the actual sounds of their syllables but also by the specific patterns of pitch rhythm and timbral inflection with which they are articulated Many West African languages such as the Akan language Twi are tonal so too are other languages including Mandarin Chinese 4 atumpan 193 A set of two large drums used by the Akan for drum speech and also in other contexts such as in Fontomfrom music 5 The path and the river 193 literal parts of the Akan world They are also metaphors with multiple levels of meaning Just as the path must meet the river the Akan must cut their own paths towards communion with the sources of their creation divine ancestral familial and natural 6 polyvocality 194 comprising many voices in the chapter relates to the conversational dimension of much West African music wherein many voices vocal and or instrumental may speak and be heard all at once expressing a unified diversity of views and perspectives 7 kora 194 21 string Mande spike harp chordophone jeli instrument Sidiki toumani and Mamadou Diabate represent one of the greatest lineages of kora players 8 Mande peoples 194 Major ethnic group of western Africa concentrated in areas of Mali Senegal Guinea Guinea Bissau and Gambia Principal subgroups are the Maninka Mali Guinea and Mandinka Senegal Gambia jeliya 194 The artistic culture of the Jeli including its praise songs and 9 instrumental music traditions 10 griot 194 Generic term from French covering a diverse a diverse range of African hereditary praise song music traditions including that of the Mande Jeli 11 Isicathamiya Ladysmith Black Mambazo 195 south African a cappella vocal genre largely identified with the iconic group Ladysmith Black Mambazo 12 size population of African 196 covers more than 11 million square miles and accountes for more than 20 percent of the earth s land surface About 1 6 of the world s population resides in Africa itself 13 African diaspora 196 the dispersal of millions of people from Africa the majority from West Africa to other parts of the world especially the Americas the United States Brazil the Caribbean etc largely a result of the Euro American slave trade at least initially Today the African Diaspora is global in scope and its worldwide musical impact cannot be overestimated 14 sub Saharan Africa 196 the majority portion of the African continent is located south of the sahara and is know as the sub Saharan Africa 15 West Africa enslaved people 196 Most africans that were brought as slaves to America were from west Africa 16 dawuro 198 type of iron bell 17 Fontomfrom 198 Akan royal drum ensemble featuring several drums from atumpan eguankoba and the dawuro iron bell 18 matrilineal 198 tracing your decenant lines from the side of your mother 19 Musical Africanisms 202 a complex polyphonic textures 202 2 3 polyrhythm layered ostinatos with varied repetition 202 b c conversational element 203 call and response d e timbral variety 203 burred timbre percussive aesthetic f distinctive pitch systems and scales 203 improvisation 203 20 kora 204 5 21 stringed spike harp chordophone Sidiki Tounani and Mamadou Diabate represent one of the great lineages and kora players 21 Mande people empire 205 Major ethnic group of Western Africa concentrated in areas of Mali Senegal Guinea Guinea Bissau and Gambia Principal subgroups are the Maninka Mali Guinea and Mandiinka Senegal Gambia 22 jeli jelilu 206 A Mande griot Most of the leading jelilu are descended from a hereditary jeli family Kouyate DIabate Sissoko Those who are instrumtalists play specific jeli instruments such as kora bala and koni 23 hereditary jell families 206 Kouyate Diabate Sissoko can trace their lineage back across many generations in some cases all the way to the original Mande court musicians patronized by King Sunjata himself 24 praise songs 206 which were formerly sung to honor royalty exclusively but are now often performed in honor of modern politicians or other patrons wealthy enough to retain a jeli s services 25 bala balafon 206 one of the principal designated jeli instruments it is a xylophone constructed of between 17 and 21 hard wooden slates keys of different lengths that are suspended over a wooden frame in ascending pitch order 26 koni 207 a plucked chordophone akin to the banjo it is basically the modern banjo s direct African ancestor 27 Salif Keita 207 Malian born singer and world beat superstar his music blends traditional jeliya stylistic features a cutting edge contemporary popular sound and strong doses of social and political commentary He is he reason as to why there was so much international attention to Malian traditional music 28 Sackou Keita 208 jeli and kora virtuoso Known for his kora playing He was raised with a Sissoko family of jelily which aspired him to pursue his musical passions toward the career path of jeli while bringing relatively little disgrace to the Keita side of his Pedigree 29 kumbengo 209 The accompaniment style of instrumental perdormance used on instruments like the Kora Bala and Koni in Mande jeliya music 30 birimintingo 210 The improvisational soloistic style of instrumental performance used on instruments like the jora bala and koni in Mande jeliya music 31 sataro 210 Improvisatory speechlike style of singing in jeliya vocal art Kassemady Diavate is a master of sataro 32 Atlanta Kaira 211 ensemble jeliya features an ensemble of two singers one male one female two koras a bala a koni and an acoustic guitar All bu the guitarist are esteembed Mande musicians in the keli tradition Three of the most revered jeli families are in the all star lineup Sissoko Diabate and Kouyate 33
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