CTE 1401C FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 1 In addition to the last chapters we covered in lecture since Exam 3 be sure to know the fiber categories on We have not had any questions that required you to know Page 16 where all of the fibers fit in the categories AND the properties of each of the categories such as burning behavior hydrophilic or hydrophobic etc Cellulose consists of cotton kapok milkweed flax ramie jute kenaf hemp leaf and Natural fibers consist of cellulose rubber mineral protein other Protein consist of all animal hair and silk Manufactured fibers consist of regenerated inorganic synthetic Regenerated has cellulose and protein parts Inorganic is glass ceramic and metallic Synthetic consist of nylon aramid polyester acrylic olefin spandex and more 2 There are several organizations some governmental some not that we have discussed in this class Know the purpose function of the following a Federal Trade Commission FTC nates and prevents anticompetitive business practices it promotes consumer protection and elimi b Consumer Product Safety Commission CPSC is responsible for recalls on products c National Fire Protection Association NFPA creates and maintains private copyrighter standards and codes for usage and adoption by local government d American Apparel and Footwear Association AAFA tional testing and certification system for textiles limiting the use of certain chemicals Oeko Tex An interna e American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists AATCC provides test method development quality control materials and professional networking for textile professionals globally f ASTM develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical standards for a wide range of materials products systems and services Chapter 24 Physical and Mechanical Finishes Aesthetic finishes slides What is the difference between aesthetic and functional finishes A functional finish enhances the performance of the material How are finishes classified based on how long they remain in or on the fab ric There are three different types of finishes based on how long they can remain in or on a fabric 1 2 3 Permanent lifetime of the product Durable specific lifetime Temporary removed after one or two laundering or dry cleaning What types of fibers can be heat set permanently Heat sensitive fibers such as thermoplastic fibers are subjected to finishes involving heat treatment How can a durable finish be applied to a natural fiber Durable finishes can be applied to a natural fibers through resin chemical mechanical treatments What is a calendar An embossing calendar Calendaring is when a fabric passes between a series of two or more rollers to smooth the fabric or create interesting surface effects Embossing is when a pattern is pressed onto the fabrics How is fabric polished glazed or cired Glazed fabric is made by saturating fabric with starch or resin slightly dried and fed into a machine rapidly moving with a heated roller this also polishes the fabric Cired fabric is made with thermoplastic fibers that fuse slightly under heat of rollers What is moir Morie smooth moire rollers with enormous pressure Eamples 66B and 66A in your manual fabric has a watered of clouded appearance It is created by being rolled through How can embossing be made permanent Embossing is made durable when applied to fabrics with resin treatment What is brushing and napping Brushing from fabric surface is when fabrics made from staple fibers may be brushed to remove loose fiber Examples 64B and 64A in your manual Napping is when fibers ends are brushed up onto a fabrics surface to achieve a deeper pile A machine with hook like projections catch fibers and pull them to the fabric surface Example 63B and 63A in your manual What is dimensional stability in fabric This is a fabrics reaction to shrinking What is fulling of wool with moderate heat How is pulled wool different from felt It is inferior in quality and is less lustrous and elastic Fulling is when fabrics are subjected to mechanical action in the presence of moisture and Chapter 25 Chemical Finishes Functional finishes slides Functional Finishes enhance performance of material What are some examples of functional finishes water repellent flame resistant What are the advantages and disadvantages of wrinkle resistant finishes Advantages Chemicals are applied which bond chemically in the amorphous areas of the fibers which normally wrinkle easily and develop stronger bonds which give the fibers a memory that causes the fabric to return to its unwrinkled position quickly Disadvantage Lost favor because fashions changed and because the finishing process caused problems with the durability of the garments pilling abrasion yellowing What are the environmental conditions that cause static electricity to de velop Conditions for static electric charge build up are cool dry environment Manufactured fibers build up static electric charges because they are hydrophobic and do not allow conduction of electrical charges How do fabric softeners work Coat yarns to allow some slippage feels softer May be permanently ladded during manufactur ing How can they also reduce static What are some disadvantages of using them Can make oil stains on polyester Reduces absorption What is the fire triangle Fire Triangle As defined by the National Fire Protection Association In order for there to be a fire three elements must be present Oxygen Fuel Heat What are the requirements for meeting flammability requirements for cloth ing and other textile products A piece of fabric placed in holder at a 45 degree angle and exposed to a flame for one second must not spread flame up the length of the sample in less than 3 5 seconds for smooth fabrics or 4 0 seconds for napped fabrics How do requirements for children s sleepwear differ from other require ments In 1972 children s sleepwear was specifically regulated sizes 0 6x Flammable children s sleepwear banned In 1975 the act was expanded to include sizes 7 14 In 2000 amended again to exclude snug fitting infants sleepwear Chapter 27 Textiles and the Environment will be lecture on Wed Dec 4 What is sustainability resources so we can continue to produce The ability to continue a defined behavior indefinitely For textiles this means preserving How can the production of textiles have a negative impact on the environ ment are used in washing bleaching dyeing finishing and can have a negative impact of the environ ment Petrochemicals fertilizers pesticides other