NR 150 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I All life on Earth is fundamentally the same it s just packaged in different ways II Three Domains of Life III Modern System of Biological Classification IV The flow of energy through living systems V Primary producers synthesize organic material VI Photosynthesis depends on light VII Primary productivity of the ocean VIII Trophic Pyramid IX The role of bacteria X Classification of Marine Environments by location XI Pelagic communities occupy the open ocean XII Dissolved nutrients are required for the production of organic matter Outline of Current Lecture XIII Arthropods shrimp crab copepod lobster most successful animal group on Earth XIV Mollusks squids and octopuses XV Two types of fish XVI Thermoregulation in fish XVII Fish are successful because of unique adaptations XVIII Creatures of the depth Current Lecture I Arthropods shrimp crab copepod lobster most successful animal group on Earth a Exoskeleton These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute i Protection ii Coloration iii Waterproof iv Muscles attached to exoskeleton moves appendages b Pistol shrimp i Loudest animal in the ocean ii 1 2 inches long iii Snaps claw to form a cavitation bubble 1 Bubble can reach 60 mph 2 Sonoluminesence when the bubble collapses it reaches the temperature of the sun II Mollusks squids and octopuses a Giant squids live in deep ocean and are rarely caught i Often eaten by sperm whales b Octopus i Greater blue ringed octopus is the most dangerous animal 1 There is no antivenom available very deadly III Two types of fish a Bony i Most abundant and successful fish ii About 30000 species iii All have gills iv Most are ectothermic col blooded v Some species such as tuna and swordfish are endothermic vi Mola mola is the heaviest bony fish 1 About 2200 pounds 2 Eat mostly moon jellyfish 3 The record is almost 5000 pounds 4 Also called a sunfish found nearly everywhere in the world 5 Female produces more than 300 million eggs most of any vertebra 6 End up in commercial fishing nets as bycatch 7 Can have over 70 genre of parasites in them 8 Predators include orcas sea lions and sharks 9 Basking behavior a Swims on side with largest side facing the sun b Hypothesize that it is to warm up before diving into the deep ocean thermally recharging vii Sea horse 1 About 50 species 2 Live in sheltered environments 3 Bony fish but no scales 4 Male sea horses carry the babies 5 Found along the coasts in sheltered environments b Cartilaginous i Sharks 1 Cartilaginous skeleton 2 Highly streamlined body 3 440 species a Smallest 6 7in Lantern shark b Largest Whale shark 39 feet 4 Sharks can lose 30000 or more teeth in their lifetime 5 No gas filled swim bladder like bony fish but fatty liver 6 Tails are formed according to functions i e swimming fast c All fish have gills i Respiratory organ that extracts dissolved oxygen from water and later excretes carbon dioxide IV Thermoregulation in fish a Endotherms create heat from metabolic processes warm blooded b Ectotherms use external heat sources to regulate body temperatures cold blooded V Fish are successful because of unique adaptations a Movement shape repulsion i Drag is the resistance to movement b Maintenance of level i Gas or fat filled bladders in bony fish ii Cartilaginous fish need to swim continuously c Gas exchange i Gill membranes d Feeding and defense swim in schools bioluminescence hearing smell excellent eyesight etc VI Creatures of the depth a The deep sea floor is the Earth s most uniform community i Eternally dark 1 No photosynthesis possible chemosynthesis around hydrothermal vents 2 Bioluminescence is the only light available 3 Organisms have to rely on sense other than vision ii Usually always very cold iii Slightly hyper saline more saline iv Highly pressurized 1 Pressure increases 1 atm per 10 meters 2 The greater the depth a Fish are small b Gelatinous fish c Minimal skeletal structure d Can slow metabolism down b Tripod fish i Hermaphrodite have male and female sex organs c Other challenges i To study deep sea organisms you need special pressure chambers ii Burglar alarms 1 Deep sea jellyfish try to attract attention of something bigger that may attack their predator iii Counter illumination can change color of its belly depending whether its counter illuminating against sunlight or moonlight